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We tested a mediation model in which increases in self\u2010discontinuity were expected to increase relapse risk through concurrent and prospective increases in smoker identity and decreases in ex\u2010smoker identity. The model was evaluated in a four\u2010wave longitudinal study conducted over 1\u2009year among former smokers who had quit within the previous 5\u2009years. Multilevel analyses isolated within\u2010person associations between self\u2010discontinuity, identity, and relapse over time while controlling for time\u2010invariant between\u2010person differences related to smoking history. Results showed that within\u2010person increases in self\u2010discontinuity were indirectly associated with a higher likelihood of relapse at the subsequent wave through their concurrent association with smoker identity, but not ex\u2010smoker identity. Moreover, no indirect effects emerged when changes in both smoker and ex\u2010smoker identities were modeled prospectively. Sensitivity analyses provided no evidence for reverse indirect pathways from identity to relapse via self\u2010discontinuity. However, within\u2010person increases in both smoker and ex\u2010smoker identities predicted subsequent increases in self\u2010discontinuity, suggesting that identity fluctuations may precede feelings of self\u2010discontinuity rather than the reverse.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aphw.70231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T13:15:23Z","timestamp":1790342123000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Self\u2010discontinuity, smoker and ex\u2010smoker identity, and smoking relapse: A multilevel longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5486-4766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Blond\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de Psychologie et des Sciences de l'Education University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2177-8511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Manuel","family":"Falomir\u2010Pichastor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de Psychologie et des Sciences de l'Education University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2007.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/SJP.2020.34"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02134748.2021.1882224"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.70044"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","volume-title":"Coping with threatened identities","author":"Breakwell G. 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