{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T01:37:18Z","timestamp":1790645838549,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,20]],"date-time":"2012-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1355961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["APMIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>ropionibacterium acnes<\/jats:italic> is a Gram\u2010positive, slow\u2010growing, anaerobic bacillus, predominantly found as a commensal on the skin and mucous membranes of adults. It is, however, also considered an opportunistic pathogen; mostly associated with acne vulgaris, but rarely also with severe infections such as infective endocarditis, prosthetic joint infections, and deep sternal wound infections following cardiothoracic surgery. In addition, <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic> has recently been found in high frequency in prostate tissue from patients with prostatitis and prostate cancer. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010like receptors (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NLR<\/jats:styled-content>) act as intracellular sensors of microbial components, and a number of various bacteria have been found to induce assembling and activation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NLR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010inflammasomes; leading to a pro\u2010inflammatory response. The inflammasome\u2010mediated formation of the pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines interleukin\u20101\u03b2 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201018 involves the auto\u2010proteolytic maturation of caspase\u20101. This study investigated if <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>. acnes<\/jats:italic> activates inflammasomes. <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>ropionibacterium acnes<\/jats:italic> isolates (n\u00a0=\u00a029) with diverse origin were used as stimuli for peripheral leukocytes obtained from blood donors (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content>s). The activity of inflammasomes was determined by measuring caspase\u20101 by flow cytometry and cytokine production by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>. A significant amount of caspase\u20101 was found in neutrophils upon <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>. acnes<\/jats:italic> stimulation, whereas only a modest activation was seen in monocytes. The activation was mainly produced by components of the bacterial cell and no exo\u2010products, because heat\u2010killed and live bacteria caused high activation of caspase\u20101 as well as cytokine production, whereas the bacterial supernatant elicited minor effect. The response among different <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content>s varied significantly, almost fivefold. In addition, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>. acnes<\/jats:italic> of various origins showed considerable variation, however, the commensal isolates showed a stronger response compared with the invasive. In conclusion, although regarded as a harmless commensal of the skin, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>acnes<\/jats:italic> strongly activates the inflammasome of human peripheral neutrophils.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,22]],"date-time":"2012-12-22T02:01:40Z","timestamp":1356141700000},"page":"652-663","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["<i>Propionibacterium acnes<\/i> activates caspase\u20101 in human neutrophils"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Berolla","family":"Sahdo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine School of Health and Medical Sciences \u00d6rebro University \u00d6rebro 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