{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T07:45:59Z","timestamp":1696405559247},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,22]],"date-time":"2015-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1432252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["APMIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COPD<\/jats:styled-content>) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Exacerbation episodes impair lung function leading to disease progression. Levels of inflammation markers correlate with disease severity. Bacterial immunomodulators have shown a beneficial effect in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COPD<\/jats:styled-content>, improving symptoms and reducing the rate of exacerbations. This is an observational prospective study on 30 patients diagnosed with bronchiectasis and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COPD<\/jats:styled-content>, who received bacterial autogenous vaccine for 12\u00a0months. The rate of exacerbation, severity of symptoms and lung function were studied at baseline and after treatment. In addition, plasma levels <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRP<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> IL<\/jats:styled-content>6, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>8, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b1 were measured. After treatment we found a reduction in mean acute respiratory infections and signs of lung disease. Acute phase proteins <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>6 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRP<\/jats:styled-content> increased in blood and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>8 decreased. These changes may be related to the repeated injection of inactivated bacteria. Given the implication of these factors in the pathogenesis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COPD<\/jats:styled-content>, particularly the production of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>8, the causes and consequences of cytokine modulation by bacterial vaccines should be investigated. Vaccination with autogenous vaccines for 1\u00a0year can produce a significant clinical improvement in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COPD<\/jats:styled-content> patients, reducing the frequency of exacerbations associated to changes in the profile of markers of inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,22]],"date-time":"2015-05-22T12:28:17Z","timestamp":1432297697000},"page":"556-561","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Bacterial vaccines in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: effects on clinical outcomes and cytokine levels"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Salvador","family":"Ruso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Neumolog\u00eda Hospital Vega Baja Orihuela Alicante Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco M.","family":"Marco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&amp;D Department Immunal S.A.U. 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