{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T04:34:24Z","timestamp":1793507664565,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,27]],"date-time":"2015-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["APMIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>It remains not fully elucidated the potential functions of Th17 cells and follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and secreting cytokines in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RA<\/jats:styled-content>) and their association with disease activity. In this study, the frequencies of Th17 and Tfh cells were determined by flow cytometry, and the levels of interleukin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>)\u201017, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201021, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201022 were measured by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISA<\/jats:styled-content> in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RA<\/jats:styled-content> patients with different disease activities. The dynamic changes of cell subsets were also detected in response to disease\u2010modify antirheumatic drugs (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMARD<\/jats:styled-content>s) therapy. The percentages of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201017A<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> (Th17) cells and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CXCR<\/jats:styled-content>5<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICOS<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>high<\/jats:sup> (Tfh) cells, as well as the concentrations of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201017, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201021, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201022 were significantly elevated in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RA<\/jats:styled-content> patients than those in healthy individuals. Furthermore, Tfh cells, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201021, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201022 in the serum was positively correlated with the values of disease activity score. Concentrations of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201021 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201022 in the serum were remarkably reduced following the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMARD<\/jats:styled-content>s therapies. Our data suggested that Th17 cells, Tfh cells as well as the secreting cytokines may be involved in the pathogenesis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RA<\/jats:styled-content>. The frequency of circulating Tfh cells and the productions of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201021 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201022 were associated with the disease activity of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RA<\/jats:styled-content> patients, and might be potential therapeutic targets for treatment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RA<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,27]],"date-time":"2015-04-27T09:02:20Z","timestamp":1430125340000},"page":"659-666","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Elevated circulating Th17 and follicular helper CD4<sup>+<\/sup> T cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Rheumatology Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an Shaanxi Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Rheumatology Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an Shaanxi Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting\u2010Ting","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Rheumatology Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an Shaanxi Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen\u2010Jie","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Rheumatology Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an Shaanxi Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin\u2010Bo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Rheumatology Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an Shaanxi Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01661"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60826-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2094"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200103223441207"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"S28","article-title":"The importance of the patients\u2019 experience of RA compared with clinical measures of disease activity","volume":"28","author":"Taylor PC","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"S4","article-title":"The central role of T cells in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"25","author":"Cope AP","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1178752","article-title":"Immunology. 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