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We enrolled 267 individuals, including 134 TB<\/jats:styled-content> patients, 93 patients with non\u2010tuberculous pulmonary diseases, and 40 healthy controls. Whole bloods were stimulated in vitro<\/jats:italic> with rCFP<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010\/ESAT<\/jats:styled-content>\u20106 protein antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>. The levels of IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3, IP<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010, and MCP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 in cultured supernatants of whole bloods were detected by a chemiluminescence immunoassay. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC<\/jats:styled-content>) curve was drawn to determine the cutoff value for diagnosing TB<\/jats:styled-content> and to evaluate the diagnostic efficacies of the IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3, IP<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010, and MCP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 for TB<\/jats:styled-content>. The antigen\u2010specific release of each cytokine, IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3, IP<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010, and MCP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101, was significantly higher in the TB<\/jats:styled-content> groups than in either the non\u2010tuberculous pulmonary disease group (p < 0.001) or the healthy control group (p < 0.001). The ROC<\/jats:styled-content> curves indicated cutoff values for IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3, IP<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010, and MCP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 at 147.8, 160.4, and 496.4 pg\/mL, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV<\/jats:styled-content>, NPV<\/jats:styled-content>, and diagnostic efficiency for IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3 were 85.8%, 70.7%, 74.7%, 83.2%, and 78.3%, respectively; for IP<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010 were 72.4%, 75.9%, 75.2%, 73.2%, and 74.2%, respectively; and for MCP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 were 90.3%, 97.0%, 96.8%, 90.8%, and 93.6%, respectively. IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3 combined MCP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 improved the sensitivity to 97.8% compared with IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3 (p < 0.001). Our findings indicate high sensitivity and specificity of MCP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculous pleurisy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,15]],"date-time":"2016-08-15T08:02:39Z","timestamp":1471248159000},"page":"856-864","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Evaluation of a whole\u2010blood chemiluminescent immunoassay of IFN<\/scp>\u2010\u03b3, IP<\/scp>\u201010, and MCP<\/scp>\u20101 for diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculous pleurisy patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Army Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment Institute of Tuberculosis Research the 309th Hospital of PLA Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Army Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment Institute of Tuberculosis Research the 309th Hospital of PLA Beijing China"},{"name":"The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Tumor Hospital of Jilin Province Changchun China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yourong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Army Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment Institute of Tuberculosis Research the 309th Hospital of PLA Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Tumor Hospital of Jilin Province Changchun China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xueqiong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Army Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment Institute of Tuberculosis Research the 309th Hospital of PLA Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO).Global tuberculosis report 2015. 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