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Scientific literature offers several reports on a biofilm's role in infections regarding various body districts. The presence of a bacterial biofilm is responsible for poor efficacy of antibiotic therapies along with bacterial infections in ear, nose, and throat (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ENT<\/jats:styled-content>) districts such as the oral cavity, ear, nasal cavities, and nasal sinuses. In particular, bacterial biofilms are associated with recalcitrant and symptomatically more severe forms of chronic rhinosinusitis. As of today, there are no therapeutic options for the eradication of bacterial biofilm in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ENT<\/jats:styled-content> districts. Hyaluronic acid is a glycosaminoglycan composed of glucuronic acid and N\u2010acetylglucosamine disaccharide units. Its efficacy in treating rhinosinusitis, whether or not associated with polyposis, is well documented, as well as results from its effects on mucociliary clearance, free radical production and mucosal repair. This review's aim is to evaluate the role of bacterial biofilms and the action exerted on it by hyaluronic acid in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ENT<\/jats:styled-content> pathology, with particular attention to the rhinosinusal district. In conclusion, this paper underlines how the efficacy of hyaluronate as an anti\u2010bacterial biofilm agent is well demonstrated by in vitro studies; it is, however, only preliminarily demonstrated by clinical studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12728","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,24]],"date-time":"2017-07-24T07:42:44Z","timestamp":1500882164000},"page":"763-772","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Hyaluronate effect on bacterial biofilm in <scp>ENT<\/scp> district infections: a review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Alberto Vito","family":"Marcuzzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery University of Trieste Trieste Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margherita","family":"Tofanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery University of Trieste Trieste Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Boscolo Nata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery University of Trieste Trieste Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Gatto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery University of Trieste Trieste Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Tirelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery University of Trieste Trieste Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)\/European Food Safety Authority(EFSA)\/European Medicines Agency (EMA).First Joint Report on the integrated analysis of the consumption of antimicrobial agents and occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from humans and food\u2010producing animals. 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