{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T02:12:00Z","timestamp":1774318320477,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,13]],"date-time":"2017-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["APMIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The study evaluated primary antibiotic resistance of\n                    <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    within the period 2013\u20132015 and trends of antibiotic consumption over the last decade in Lithuania; 242 adults and 55 children were included in the study.\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010tests were performed for amoxicillin, metronidazole, clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin, rifampicin and tetracycline. The presence of\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    and clarithromycin resistance was additionally tested by\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    culture was positive in 67 of 242 (28%) adult and in 12 of 55 (21.8%) children samples. Resistance rates among adults by\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010tests were as follows: metronidazole \u2013 32.8% (95% confidence interval (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ): 22.7\u201344.7%), ciprofloxacin \u2013 7.5% (95%\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    : 3.2\u201316.3%), rifampicin \u2013 7.5% (95%\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    : 3.2\u201316.3%), amoxicillin \u2013 0%, whereas resistance rates in children were as follows: metronidazole \u2013 25% (95%\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    : 8.9\u201353.2%), rifampicin \u2013 8.3% (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    : 1.5\u201335.4%), amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin \u2013 0%. Accumulated clarithromycin resistance rates by\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010tests and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    were 8.2% (95%\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    : 4.1\u201316.0%) in adults and 17.7% (95%\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    : 6.2\u201341.0%) in children. Total use of macrolides and lincosamides in Lithuania increased from 1.26 to 1.86 defined daily dose (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    )\/1000 inhabitants\/day among adults, while it has doubled from 1.10 to 2.22\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \/1000\/children\/day in children within 2003\u20132015. There are no significant changes in the susceptibility of\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    to the most widely used antibiotics in adults over the last years in Lithuania; however, clarithromycin resistance among children exceeds 15% and mandates further larger\u2010scale studies in paediatric population.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12752","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,13]],"date-time":"2017-11-13T02:42:34Z","timestamp":1510540954000},"page":"21-28","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Primary antibiotic resistance of\n                    <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\n                    strains among adults and children in a tertiary referral centre in Lithuania"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Gintare","family":"Dargiene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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