{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T07:22:52Z","timestamp":1790234572681,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,3]],"date-time":"2017-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["APMIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the polarization of peripheral blood monocytes in the patients with ankylosing spondylitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AS<\/jats:styled-content>) and to determine the correlations between monocyte polarization and inflammation and structural damage. A total of 120 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AS<\/jats:styled-content> patients, 50 rheumatoid arthritis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RA<\/jats:styled-content>) patients and 100 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. M1 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>68+<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>192+) and M2 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CX<\/jats:styled-content>3<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content>1+<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>163+) monocytes were characterized by flow cytometry. Demographic, clinical, radiographic and laboratory data were collected and analyzed. A large increase in M2 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CX<\/jats:styled-content>3<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content>1+<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>163+) monocytes was observed in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AS<\/jats:styled-content>, and M2\/M1 ratio was 7.18\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.12, 2.54\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.14 and 35.61\u00a0\u00b1\u00a020.04 in control, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RA<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AS<\/jats:styled-content>, respectively. The M2\/M1 ratio correlated with modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mSASSS<\/jats:styled-content>) (r\u00a0=\u00a00.565; p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ESR<\/jats:styled-content> (r\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.321; p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRP<\/jats:styled-content> (r\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.265; p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BASDAI<\/jats:styled-content>) (r\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.201; p\u00a0=\u00a00.028). Anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 therapy induced a significant reduction in the percentage of M1 monocyte, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ESR<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> CRP<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BASDAI<\/jats:styled-content> in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AS<\/jats:styled-content> patients. The present results demonstrated that M2 type polarized monocytes are predominant in the peripheral blood in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AS<\/jats:styled-content> and the M2\/M1 ratio is correlated with structural damage (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mSASSS<\/jats:styled-content>), inflammatory biomarkers (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ESR<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRP<\/jats:styled-content>) and BASDAI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,3]],"date-time":"2017-10-03T08:26:36Z","timestamp":1507019196000},"page":"1070-1075","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["M2 polarization of monocytes in ankylosing spondylitis and relationship with inflammation and structural damage"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Jinzhu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics No. 401 Hospital of PLA Qingdao Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Outpatient Clinic No. 1 Sanatorium of Qingdao of PLA Qingdao Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunsheng","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics No. 401 Hospital of PLA Qingdao Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peifeng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics No. 401 Hospital of PLA Qingdao Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaixing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Taizhou First People's Hospital, Huangyan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Taizhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weidong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University Shanghai 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