{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T08:15:39Z","timestamp":1695888939576},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,13]],"date-time":"2017-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["196397\/S50"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["196397\/S50"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["APMIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)<\/jats:italic> 38\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">kD<\/jats:styled-content>a antigen is an immunogenic lipoprotein that induces strong T\u2010cell responses in experimental animals. However, there is limited information on the role of this antigen in human population. In this article, we present the dynamics of pro\u2010inflammatory (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1) and anti\u2010inflammatory cytokine (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010) against the 38 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">kD<\/jats:styled-content>a in cohorts of pulmonary <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTB<\/jats:styled-content>) patients, household contacts (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HHC<\/jats:styled-content>s), and community controls (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CC<\/jats:styled-content>s) in a high endemic setting. Whole blood assay was used to determine the levels of cytokines in 149 patients, 149 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HHC<\/jats:styled-content>s, and 68 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CC<\/jats:styled-content>s at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. At baseline, the level of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3 was significantly (p &lt; 0.0001) higher in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CC<\/jats:styled-content>s and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HHC<\/jats:styled-content>s than in untreated patients. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CC<\/jats:styled-content>s had significantly (p &lt; 0.05) higher level of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3 than <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HHC<\/jats:styled-content>s. There was no significant difference between treated and untreated patients, and there was no significant change in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HHC<\/jats:styled-content>s over 12 months. At baseline, the levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 were significantly (p &lt; 0.0001) higher in patients than in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HHC<\/jats:styled-content>s and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CC<\/jats:styled-content>s. No significant change was observed between treated patients and untreated patients and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HHC<\/jats:styled-content>s over time. The study shows that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3 against the 38 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">kD<\/jats:styled-content>a discriminates clinical <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content> from infection and infection from exposure, suggesting its potential for immune protection and diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,13]],"date-time":"2017-12-13T06:57:14Z","timestamp":1513148234000},"page":"135-142","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<scp>IFN<\/scp>\u2010\u03b3 against the 38\u2010<scp>kD<\/scp>a antigen of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i> discriminates pulmonary tuberculosis from infection and infection from exposure: evidence from a study of human population in a high endemic 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