{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T19:34:48Z","timestamp":1782416088406,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,6]],"date-time":"2018-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006736","name":"Universitetssjukhuset \u00d6rebro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006736","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["APMIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>For <jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic> susceptibility testing, Etest, comparable to agar dilution, is frequently used. In recent years, newer <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content> gradient strip tests have been commercialized. However, these tests have not been appropriately evaluated for gonococci. We evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, quality, availability of antimicrobials and cost of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content> Test Strip (Liofilchem), M.I.C.Evaluator (Oxoid) and Ezy <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content> Strip (HiMedia), compared to the reference Etest (bioM\u00e9rieux), for gonococcal susceptibility testing. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content>s of eight antimicrobials in 103 gonococcal international reference strains (n = 29) and clinical isolates (n = 74) were examined. Coefficient of determination (R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>), complete agreement, essential agreement, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SIR<\/jats:styled-content> categorical agreement, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were calculated. R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content>s for the antimicrobials ranged between 0.674\u20130.996, 0.617\u20130.993, and 0.643\u20130.994 for the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content> Test Strip, M.I.C.Evaluator strips and Ezy <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content> Strips respectively. The essential agreement (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SIR<\/jats:styled-content> categorical agreement) was 99.6% (88.6%), 100% (87.1%) and 93.0% (83.1%) respectively. M.I.C.Evaluator strips for gonococcal key antimicrobials were lacking and the Ezy <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content> Strips showed an inconsistent accuracy, quality and some strips were contaminated. The Liofilchem <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content> Test Strips had limitations, but might be relatively accurate alternatives to Etest for gonococci. Strict quality assurance (at manufacturing and testing laboratory), including quality controls, are required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12887","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,7]],"date-time":"2018-09-07T03:59:11Z","timestamp":1536292751000},"page":"822-827","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Performance characteristics of newer MIC gradient strip tests compared with the Etest for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Agnez","family":"J\u00f6nsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and Other STIs Department of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiology Faculty of Medicine and Health \u00d6rebro University \u00d6rebro Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Jacobsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and Other STIs Department of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiology Faculty of Medicine and Health \u00d6rebro University \u00d6rebro Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunniva","family":"Foerster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and Other STIs Department of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiology Faculty of Medicine and Health \u00d6rebro University \u00d6rebro Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle J.","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections (AMRHAI) Reference Unit National Infection Service Public Health England London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magnus","family":"Unemo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and Other STIs Department of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiology Faculty of Medicine and Health \u00d6rebro University \u00d6rebro Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00010-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2016.268"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30310-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002344"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02131-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.12.3214-3217.1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2013.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2010.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2016.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.2.479-481.1996","article-title":"Evaluation of in vitro spectra of activity of azithromycin, clarithromycin, and erythromycin tested against strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by reference agar dilution, disk diffusion, and Etest methods","volume":"34","author":"Mehaffey PC","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3053","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.31.11.3053-3055.1993","article-title":"Evaluation of Etest for testing antimicrobial susceptibilities of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates with different growth media","volume":"31","author":"Yeung KH","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","volume-title":"Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-016-0166-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.05397-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq206"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw288"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05760-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00325-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks162"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","unstructured":"European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing.Clinical breakpoints; Breakpoint table for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters [Internet]. Available from:http:\/\/www.eucast.org\/clinical_breakpoints\/. 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