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The study included 73 tonsillectomized children. Bacteria, including <jats:italic>S.\u00a0aureus<\/jats:italic> were isolated from tonsillar surface prior to tonsillectomy, recovered from tonsillar core at the time of the surgery, and from posterior pharynx 2\u20134\u00a0weeks after the procedure. <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> isolates were compared by <jats:italic>spa<\/jats:italic> typing, tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and for the presence of superantigenic toxin genes (<jats:italic>sea\u2010seu, eta, etb, tst, lukS\/lukF\u2010PV<\/jats:italic>) by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Seventy\u2010three patients (mean 7.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.1\u00a0years, 61.6% male) were assessed. The most commonly isolated bacteria were <jats:italic>S.\u00a0aureus<\/jats:italic>. The largest proportion of staphylococcal isolates originated from tonsillar core (63%), followed by tonsillar surface (45.1%) and posterior pharynx in tonsillectomized children (18.2%, p\u00a0=\u00a00.007). Five (6.3%) isolates were identified as MRSA (<jats:italic>mecA<\/jats:italic>\u2010positive). Up to 67.5% of the isolates synthesized penicillinases (<jats:italic>blaZ<\/jats:italic>\u2010positive isolates), and 8.8% displayed MLS<jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub> resistance. The superantigenic toxin genes were detected in more than half of examined isolates (56.3%). <jats:italic>spa<\/jats:italic> types t091, t084, and t002, and clonal complexes (CCs) CC7, CC45, and CC30 turned out to be most common. <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> associated with RT in children showed pathogenicity potential and considerable genetic diversity, and no clones were found to be specific for this condition although further studies are needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.13007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,6]],"date-time":"2019-11-06T11:00:22Z","timestamp":1573038022000},"page":"211-219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> from recurrent tonsillitis in 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