{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T14:29:20Z","timestamp":1789223360438,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,28]],"date-time":"2020-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006736","name":"Universitetssjukhuset \u00d6rebro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006736","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["APMIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Treatment options for gonorrhoea are scarce. Drug repurposing of bioactive molecules approved for other conditions might therefore be of value. We developed a method for wide\u2010scale, systematic drug repurposing screen to identify molecules with activity against <jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic> and screened the Prestwick Chemical Library (1200 FDA\u2010approved drugs). As a proof\u2010of\u2010concept, we further examined one promising and interesting screening hit (auranofin; antirheumatic agent). Three WHO gonococcal reference strains (WHO F, O, P) were used for the Library screening. The strains were grown in presence of a fixed concentration of the library drugs in 384\u2010well plates for 12\u00a0h, and the remaining bacterial respiration, to reflect growth, was then quantitatively measured using optical density (OD) 450\u00a0nm and a resazurin assay. The activity of auranofin was further examined using <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> susceptibility testing (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)) against genetically diverse antimicrobial\u2010resistant <jats:italic>N.\u00a0gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic> strains and time\u2010kill assays. Sixty\u2010eight molecules significantly inhibited bacterial growth of WHO F, O and P. Auranofin showed potent <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> bactericidal activity (in MIC\u2010, MBC\u2010 and time\u2010kill assays) against four WHO reference strains. No cross\u2010resistance between auranofin and any antimicrobial currently or previously used for gonorrhoea treatment was found when examining 51 selected antimicrobial\u2010resistant gonococcal strains. In conclusion, this is the first wide\u2010scale systematic screening effort for repurposing drugs for future treatment of gonorrhoea. Additional studies examining mechanism(s) of action, resistance development, <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> anti\u2010gonococcal activity and pharmacokinetics\/pharmacodynamics for gonococcal infections of auranofin and several other significant screening hits would be valuable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.13014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,7]],"date-time":"2019-12-07T12:12:45Z","timestamp":1575720765000},"page":"242-250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The first wide\u2010scale drug repurposing screen using the Prestwick Chemical Library (1200 bioactive molecules) against <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i> identifies high <i>in vitro<\/i> activity of auranofin and many additional drugs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"128","author":[{"given":"Sunniva","family":"Foerster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and other STIs Department of Laboratory Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health \u00d6rebro University \u00d6rebro Sweden"},{"name":"European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Genome Biology Unit Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomas N.","family":"Gustafsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology Sunderby Research Unit Ume\u00e5 University Ume\u00e5 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Rita","family":"Brochado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Genome Biology Unit Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentino","family":"Desilvestro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Trade Institute (WTI) University of Bern Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athanasios","family":"Typas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Genome Biology Unit Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magnus","family":"Unemo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and other STIs Department of Laboratory Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health \u00d6rebro University \u00d6rebro Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002366"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002344"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00010-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00282"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2013.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13895"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"1466","article-title":"Repurposing an old drug: aztreonam as a new treatment strategy for gonorrhoea","volume":"72","author":"Davido B","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-3-104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2011-050362"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2015.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12777"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00326-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2013.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00377-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx113"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp098"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw288"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2007.00776.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/80.2.267"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v032.i06"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","volume-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.32.7.1825-1826.1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-016-0838-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40268-015-0083-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-9114.1983.tb03277.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2011.06215.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep22571"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv163"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnw148"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1504022112"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.12-223305"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2016.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.02062-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/595737"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M604971200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01947-16"}],"container-title":["APMIS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fapm.13014","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apm.13014","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/apm.13014","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apm.13014","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T07:40:28Z","timestamp":1693986028000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/apm.13014"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,28]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/apm.13014"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apm.13014","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0903-4641","1600-0463"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0903-4641","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0463","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-09-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-11-18","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-01-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}