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A strong association and possible causal relationship between the infectious agent and the development of ocular adnexal cancer are seen in Merkel cell carcinoma (Merkel cell polyomavirus), Burkitt lymphoma (Epstein\u2013Barr virus) and Kaposi sarcoma (human herpesvirus 8). Infection with <jats:italic>Chlamydia psittaci<\/jats:italic> has been associated with the development of extranodal marginal zone B\u2010cell lymphoma in Italy. Human papillomavirus infection has been associated with the development of squamous cell carcinomas of the ocular adnexa, although with a highly variable reported prevalence. By exploring the role of infectious agents in the ocular adnexa and the mechanism by which they contribute to oncogenesis, the diagnostics, management and prevention of these malignancies may also improve. Antibiotic treatment and vaccines against infectious agents may be valuable in future treatment. 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