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Plague, cholera, syphilis, influenza, SARS, MERS, COVID\u201019, and new potential epidemic and pandemic infections and their consequences are described and the background for the spread of acute and chronic infections and the transition to endemic infections is discussed. The way we can prevent and fight pandemics is illustrated from the old and new well\u2010known pandemics. Surprisingly, the political reactions through different periods have not changed much during the centuries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.13098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,27]],"date-time":"2020-11-27T06:45:42Z","timestamp":1606459542000},"page":"352-371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Pandemics: past, present, future"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Niels","family":"H\u00f8iby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Institute of Immunology and Microbiology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268809990136"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"256","volume-title":"Peter Ludvig Panums videnskabelige indsats","author":"Gjedde A","year":"1971"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61849-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"304","article-title":"Et paradigmeskifte","volume":"208","author":"N\u00f8rskov\u2010Lauritsen N","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bibl L\u00e6g"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","volume-title":"Epidemics","author":"Marks G","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","unstructured":"Wikipedia.Samuel Hahnemann.en.m.wikipedia.org 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","volume-title":"Exploring Great Civilizations","author":"Atlas of the Ancient World","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1903797116"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","volume-title":"Tre store k\u00f8benhavnske epidemier","author":"Hertel K","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31207-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","unstructured":"Wikipedia.Wu Lien\u2010teh.en.wikipedia.orxg 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01459740.2017.1423072"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-41298-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12390"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/376619"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003967"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1125548"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268805005686"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1136212"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp068030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp058291"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","volume-title":"The Natural History of Infectious Disease","author":"Burnet M","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1119392"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","volume-title":"The Great Influenza. 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