{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T10:39:38Z","timestamp":1763116778562},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["APMIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Influenza virus and coronavirus pandemics regularly sweep the globe, at great cost of health and economy. Our aim was to conduct a PubMed search for autopsy studies on influenza and coronavirus to investigate the contribution of autopsies during pandemics, focussing on autopsy methods and procedures and the role of autopsy findings in pandemics. The retrieved autopsy studies generally relied on microscopy, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunostaining and electron microscopy. Most were small and reported on lung effects, including diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), pneumonia and tracheobronchitis. Antibiotic therapy has diminished a role for bacterial pneumonia, whereas obesity is an emerging risk factor. Autopsy studies have provided new insights into coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) treatments like anti\u2010coagulative therapy. Unfortunately, autopsies during pandemics are hampered by lack of guidelines, facilities and expertise for handling potentially infectious corpses and by widely varying recommendations for personal protective equipment and procedures. The Department of Forensic Pathology, at the Forensic Institute, at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark has, in collaboration with the Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, initiated a prospective observational study on COVID\u201019\u2010related deaths encompassing postmortem imaging, standardized autopsy procedures\/reporting and extensive tissue sampling for histological, chemical, microbiological and genetic analysis. The study involves a diverse array of research groups at the University of Copenhagen, and the clinical field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.13111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T10:30:14Z","timestamp":1614594614000},"page":"324-339","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Autopsies in pandemics \u2013 a perspective on barriers and benefits. Is it time for a revival?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Apameh","family":"Khatam\u2010Lashgari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine Section of Forensic Pathology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikkel Jon","family":"Henningsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine Section of Forensic Pathology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristine Boisen","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine Section of Forensic Pathology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Jacobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine Section of Forensic Pathology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane Preuss","family":"Hasselby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University Hospital of Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet) Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bonnie","family":"Colville\u2010Ebeling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University Hospital of Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet) Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jytte","family":"Banner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine Section of Forensic Pathology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response: A WHO Guidance Document","author":"Fukuda K","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chavarria\u2010Mir\u00f3G Anfruns\u2010EstradaE GuixS ParairaM Galofr\u00e9B S\u00e1anchezG et al.Sentinel surveillance of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 in wastewater anticipates the occurrence of COVID\u201019 cases. medRxiv 2020:2020.06.13.20129627.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.06.13.20129627"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FongaroG Hermes StocoP Sobral Marques SouzaD GrisardEC MagriME RogovskiP et al.SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 in human sewage in Santa Catalina Brazil November 2019. medRxiv. 2020:2020.06.26.20140731","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.06.26.20140731"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001316"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.689"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2374289518793988"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-015-1833-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-017-2221-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2014.0253"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2020-206522"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.56.4.254"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","unstructured":"Arbejdstilsynet.Biologiske agenser og arbejdsmilj\u00f8 \u2013 8 \u2013 Klassifikation af biologiske agenser i risikogruppe 2 3 og 4;2011(Available from:https:\/\/at.dk\/regler\/bekendtgoerelser\/biologiske\u2010agenser\u2010arbejdsmiljoe\u201057\u2010sam\/bilag\u20108\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAF.0000000000000567"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-009-0405-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/432720"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-018-0043-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.14134"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2016.05.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-0738(93)90093-P"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"324","article-title":"The autopsy in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. How and why","volume":"114","author":"Geller SA","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1828"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2015.10.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqaa062"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.53.1174"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-020-02317-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2011.04081.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30076-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-010-0504-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13413-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCP35KOZSAVNQZW"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01310063"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.3800247"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12410"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1111179108"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","first-page":"84","article-title":"Broad aspects of the pathology and pathogenesis of human influenza","volume":"83","author":"Hers JF","year":"1961","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(58)92404-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2015432"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050828"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.07.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02677-05"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pathmechdis.3.121806.154316"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.03.009"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","first-page":"48","article-title":"Clinical and pathological findings of fatal 2009\u20132010 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) infection in Estonia","volume":"48","author":"Tamme K","year":"2012","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir861"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM195903122601101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCP1Y6LLHWSKYHW"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200909-1420OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1906.130062"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.legalmed.2004.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)01182-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12470"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.03.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2007.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(09)70069-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1306742"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-0504"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3947\/ic.2016.48.2.118"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-020-02886-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m3206"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.14180"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1570"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1994.2313"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/29.3.6787113"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00313020310001619118"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/2004-128-195-AODDTS"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1440"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2003.013276"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30434-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30243-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2020.107233"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2020.107227"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-2566"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.14134"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30937-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.40377.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqaa091"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2011400"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31305-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066618813300"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_85_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"LSURVIVE: Let the dead help the living \u2013 an autopsy\u2010based cohort study for mapping risk markers of death among those with severe mental illnesses. Scandinavian","volume":"24","author":"Banner JH","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-1054"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2020-002650"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_88_1","unstructured":"Bekendtg\u00f8relse af lov om foranstaltninger mod smitsomme og andre overf\u00f8rbare sygdomme 9(2019)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_89_1","first-page":"64","article-title":"Management of the corpse with suspect, probable or confirmed COVID\u201019 respiratory infection \u2010 Italian interim recommendations for personnel potentially exposed to material from corpses, including body fluids, in morgue structures and during autopsy practice","volume":"112","author":"Fineschi V","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-020-02828-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2015.11.001"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_7_92_1","first-page":"776","article-title":"Emerging and reemerging infections. Progress and challenges in the subspecialty of infectious disease pathology","volume":"121","author":"Schwartz DA","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(00)00329-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.14.33.19309-en"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.8907"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2020-206710"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(03)00367-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.09.020421"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_99_1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation.Coronavirus disease (COVID\u201019) pandemic2020 updated 17 September. Available from:https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel\u2010coronavirus\u20102019"}],"container-title":["APMIS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apm.13111","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/apm.13111","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apm.13111","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T08:18:36Z","timestamp":1693383516000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/apm.13111"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/apm.13111"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apm.13111","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0903-4641","1600-0463"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0903-4641","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0463","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-09-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-03-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}