{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T15:16:49Z","timestamp":1780499809525,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]],"date-time":"2021-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004954","name":"Augustinus Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004954","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["APMIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to evaluated ischemic metabolites in subcutaneous tissue, skeletal muscle, and calcaneal cancellous bone before, during, and after tourniquet application in a simultaneous paired comparison of tourniquet\u2010exposed and non\u2010tourniquet\u2010exposed legs. Ten patients scheduled for hallux valgus or hallux rigidus surgery were included. Microdialysis catheters were placed to simultaneously and continuously sample the metabolites glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and glycerol bilaterally for 12\u00a0h in subcutaneous tissue, skeletal muscle, and calcaneal cancellous bone. A tourniquet was applied on the leg planned for surgery (inflation time: 15\u00a0min, mean tourniquet duration time (range): 65 (58;77) min). During tourniquet inflation, a 2\u2010 to 3\u2010fold increase of the mean lactate\/pyruvate ratio was found for all investigated tissues in the tourniquet\u2010exposed leg compared with the non\u2010tourniquet\u2010exposed leg. The lactate\/pyruvate ratio recovery time after tourniquet release was within 30\u00a0min for skeletal muscle, 60\u00a0min for subcutaneous tissue, and 130\u00a0min for calcaneal cancellous bone. Only the tourniquet\u2010exposed skeletal muscles were found to be ischemic during tourniquet inflation, defined by a significant increase of the lactate\/pyruvate ratio exceeding the ischemic cutoff level of 25; however, this level decreased below 25 immediately after tourniquet release. The glycerol ratio increased instantly after inflation in the tourniquet\u2010exposed leg in skeletal muscle and subcutaneous tissue, and recovered within 60 (skeletal muscle) and 130\u00a0min (subcutaneous tissue) after tourniquet release. These findings suggest that applying tourniquet for approximately 1\u00a0h results in limited tissue ischemia and cell damage in subcutaneous tissue, skeletal muscle, and calcaneal cancellous bone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.13121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]],"date-time":"2021-01-26T14:50:24Z","timestamp":1611672624000},"page":"225-231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Tourniquet\u2010induced ischemia and reperfusion in subcutaneous tissue, skeletal muscle, and calcaneal cancellous bone"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Pelle","family":"Hanberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Horsens Regional Hospital Horsens Denmark"},{"name":"Aarhus Microdialysis Research Group Orthopaedic Research Unit Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus N Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University 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