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Afterward, the probands underwent a training phase during which they received an immediate feedback on the actual rate of positivity after each image. Finally, the initial testing series was rescored. In a second round with 15 different probands, 20 Ki\u201067 immunohistochemistry images of tonsil tissue were scored, followed by the same training phase with computer\u2010generated images, before the immunohistochemistry slides were scored again. Paired t\u2010tests were used to compare the differences in mean rates pre\u2010 and post\u2010training. Concerning computerized images, untrained probands scored the percentages of positive dots with a mean deviation from the true rates of 8.2%. Following training, the same testing series was scored significantly better with a mean deviation of 4.9% (mean improvement 3.3%, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Scoring real immunohistochemistry slides, the training with computerized images also improved correct estimations, albeit to a lesser degree (mean improvement 1%, p\u2009=\u20090.03). Abstract computerized images of virtual tissues may be a useful tool to train and improve the accuracy of pattern recognition involved in semiquantitative scoring of immunohistochemistry slides. As a side results, this study highlights the value of computer\u2010generated images to verify the performance of image\u2010analysis software.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.13188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T15:16:41Z","timestamp":1636384601000},"page":"26-33","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Application of computer\u2010generated images to train pattern recognition used in semiquantitative immunohistochemistry scoring"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"Glen","family":"Kristiansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Schmid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Biometry Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE) University Hospital Bonn Bonn 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