{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T21:50:00Z","timestamp":1775598600811,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["APMIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Double\u2010stranded RNA (dsRNA) is produced during most viral infections, and immunohistochemical detection of dsRNA has been proposed as a potential screening marker for viral replication. The anti\u2010dsRNA monoclonal antibody clone 9D5 is more sensitive than the established clone J2 but has not been validated in formalin\u2010fixed paraffin\u2010embedded (FFPE) tissue. This study aimed to test and compare the performance of the anti\u2010dsRNA monoclonal antibodies, 9D5 and J2, in FFPE tissue using an automated staining platform. Archived clinical tissue samples with viral infections (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u200934) and uninfected controls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u200930) were examined. Immunohistochemical staining for dsRNA (9D5 and J2) and virus\u2010specific epitopes was performed. 9D5 provided a similar staining pattern but a higher signal\u2010to\u2010noise ratio than J2. The following proportions of virus\u2010infected tissue samples were dsRNA\u2010positive: SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 (5\/5), HPV (6\/6), MCV (5\/5), CMV (5\/6), HSV (4\/6), and EBV (0\/6). Also, 18 of 30 uninfected samples were dsRNA positive, and an association between fixation time and intensity was observed. However, signals in all samples were markedly reduced by pretreatment with dsRNA\u2010specific RNAse\u2010III, indicating a specific reaction. In conclusion, dsRNA can be demonstrated in most viral infections with immunohistochemistry in FFPE tissue but with low clinical specificity. The antibody clone 9D5 performs better than clone J2.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.13300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T07:55:00Z","timestamp":1676274900000},"page":"197-205","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Immunohistochemical detection of double\u2010stranded <scp>RNA<\/scp> in formalin\u2010fixed paraffin\u2010embedded tissue"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Thomsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Aalborg University Hospital  Aalborg Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aalborg University  Aalborg Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rasmus","family":"R\u00f8ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Aalborg University Hospital  Aalborg Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical 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