{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T21:56:13Z","timestamp":1791410173698,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["APMIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease with rising incidence. Pre\u2010 and manifest T1D is associated with intestinal barrier dysfunction, skewed microbiota composition, and serum dyslipidemia. The intestinal mucus layer protects against pathogens and its structure and phosphatidylcholine (PC) lipid composition may be compromised in T1D, potentially contributing to barrier dysfunction. This study compared prediabetic Non\u2010Obese Diabetic (NOD) mice to healthy C57BL\/6 mice by analyzing the intestinal mucus PC profile by shotgun lipidomics, plasma metabolomics by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance, intestinal mucus production by histology, and cecal microbiota composition by 16\u2009S rRNA sequencing. Jejunal mucus PC class levels were decreased in early prediabetic NOD vs C57BL\/6 mice. In colonic mucus of NOD mice, the level of several PC species was reduced throughout prediabetes. In plasma, similar reductions of PC species were observed in early prediabetic NOD mice, where also increased beta\u2010oxidation was prominent. No histological alterations were found in jejunal nor colonic mucus between the mouse strains. However, the \u03b2\u2010diversity of the cecal microbiota composition differed between prediabetic NOD and C57BL\/6 mice, and the bacterial species driving this difference were related to decreased short\u2010chain fatty acid (SCFA)\u2010production in the NOD mice. This study reports reduced levels of PCs in the intestinal mucus layer and plasma of prediabetic NOD mice as well as reduced proportions of SCFA\u2010producing bacteria in cecal content at early prediabetes, possibly contributing to intestinal barrier dysfunction and T1D.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.13302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T06:05:13Z","timestamp":1677045913000},"page":"237-248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Reduced phosphatidylcholine level in the intestinal mucus layer of prediabetic NOD mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Mia \u00d8gaard","family":"M\u00f8nsted","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Bartholin Institute Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen 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