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On Day 0, IAO was induced in the proximal tibia using a susceptible <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> strain. On Day 7, the pigs underwent one\u2010stage exchange surgery of the IAO lesions and were randomized to receive seven days of intravenous antibiotic treatment of either rifampicin combined with moxifloxacin or moxifloxacin monotherapy. On Day 14, microdialysis was applied for continuous sampling (8\u2009h) of moxifloxacin concentrations. Microbiological, macroscopical pathology, and histopathological analyses were performed postmortem. Steady\u2010state moxifloxacin area under the concentration\u2013time curve was lower in the combination therapy group in plasma (total) and subcutaneous tissue compartments (infected and noninfected) (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.04), while no differences were found in bone compartments. No additional treatment effect of rifampicin to moxifloxacin treatment was found (p\u2009=\u20090.57). Conclusive, additive rifampicin treatment does not reduce moxifloxacin concentrations at the infection site. Rifampicin treatment may not be necessary in a one\u2010stage exchange treatment of IAO. However, our sample size and treatment period may have been too small and short to reveal true clinical differences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.13371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,28]],"date-time":"2023-12-28T13:58:43Z","timestamp":1703771923000},"page":"198-209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Rifampicin does not reduce moxifloxacin concentrations at the site of infection and may not improve treatment outcome of a one\u2010stage exchange surgery protocol of implant\u2010associated osteomyelitis lesions in a porcine model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"132","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7109-0726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofus","family":"Vittrup","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aarhus Denmark Microdialysis Research (ADMIRE), Orthopaedic Research Laboratory Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department 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