{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T20:00:05Z","timestamp":1791489605404,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009104","name":"Department of Health Research, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NER\/71\/2020\u2010ECD\u2010I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NER\/71\/2020\u2010ECD\u2010I"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["APMIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) is a major public health concern in India as the aetiology remains unknown in the majority of cases with the current testing algorithm. We aimed to study the incidence of Japanese encephalitis (JE) and determine the aetiology of non\u2010JE AES cases to develop an evidence\u2010based testing algorithm. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were tested for Japanese encephalitis virus by ELISA and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Multiplex real\u2010time PCR was done for <jats:italic>Dengue<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Chikungunya<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>West Nile<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Zika<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Enterovirus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Epstein Barr Virus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Herpes Simplex Virus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Adenovirus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Cytomegalovirus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Herpesvirus 6<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Parechovirus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Parvovirus B19<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Varicella Zoster Virus<\/jats:italic>, Scrub typhus, Rickettsia species, <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> species, <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Neisseria meningitidis,<\/jats:italic> Plasmodium species and by ELISA for Mumps and Measles virus. Of the 3173 CSF samples, 461 (14.5%) were positive for JE. Of the 334 non\u2010JE AES cases, 66.2% viz. Scrub typhus (25.7%), <jats:italic>Mumps<\/jats:italic> (19.5%), <jats:italic>Measles<\/jats:italic> (4.2%), <jats:italic>Parvovirus B19<\/jats:italic> (3.9%) Plasmodium (2.7%), <jats:italic>HSV 1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic> (2.4%), <jats:italic>EBV<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> (2.1% each), <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>HHV 6<\/jats:italic> (1.2% each) were predominant. Hence, an improved surveillance system and our suggested expanded testing algorithm can improve the diagnosis of potentially treatable infectious agents of AES in India.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.13443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T07:42:12Z","timestamp":1717573332000},"page":"638-645","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Aetiological profile of acute encephalitis syndrome in Assam, India, during a 4\u2010year period from 2019 to 2022"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"Dharitree","family":"Sonowal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Gauhati Medical College and Hospital  Guwahati Assam India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4986-0530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ajanta","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Gauhati Medical College and Hospital  Guwahati Assam India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimmi","family":"Sarmah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Gauhati Medical College and Hospital  Guwahati Assam India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepak","family":"Upadhaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Gauhati Medical College and Hospital  Guwahati Assam India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachin","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology  Guwahati Assam India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harpreet","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Council of Medical Research, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2003.034280"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Epidemiology of acute encephalitis syndrome in India: changing paradigm and implication for control","volume":"46","author":"Sen PK","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Commun Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2009.03.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/589747"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970\u20100218.103473"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214\u2010109X(22)00079\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","unstructured":"National Vector Born Disease Control Programme.AES\/JE cases and deaths in the country since.2015. Available from:https:\/\/nvbdcp.gov.in\/WriteReadData\/l892s\/93334519111662714858.pdf. Accessed on 30 March 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-258X.239070"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140\u20106736(89)91683\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"National Vector Borne Disease Control Program.Guidelines for surveillance of acute encephalitis syndrome (with special reference to Japanese encephalitis). Available from:http:\/\/nvbdcp.gov.in\/WriteReadData\/l892s\/AES_guidelines.pdf. Accessed on 30 March 2021.2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18203\/2320\u20106012.ijrms20193934"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","unstructured":"Available from:http:\/\/www.assaminfo.com\/districts\/14\/kamrup.htm. Accessed on 30 July 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","unstructured":"Available from:http:\/\/www.assaminfo.com\/districts\/19\/marigaon.htm. Accessed on 30 July 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","unstructured":"Available from:https:\/\/icssr.org\/sites\/default\/files\/districts\/Marigaon.pdf. Accessed on 30 July 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","unstructured":"Available from:https:\/\/kamrupmetro.assam.gov.in\/about\u2010district\/district\u2010glance. 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