{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T17:14:09Z","timestamp":1788455649746,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,5]],"date-time":"2025-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["APMIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The Gram\u2010negative bacterium <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>) is one major causative agent of community\u2010 and hospital\u2010acquired pneumonia. Echinacoside (ECH) is a phenylethanoid glycoside isolated from <jats:italic>Cistanche deserticola<\/jats:italic> that possesses anti\u2010inflammatory activity. Our research aimed to confirm whether ECH alleviates <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\u2010induced pneumonia and explore the underlying regulatory mechanisms. BEAS\u20102B cells and BALB\/c mice were infected by <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> to establish the cellular and animal models, respectively, followed by ECH treatment. Inflammatory cytokine levels were detected by RT\u2010qPCR and ELISA. The lung wet\/dry (W\/D) weight ratio and the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in lung tissues were examined. The pulmonary histopathologic changes were observed through hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining. The levels of TLR4\/NF\u2010\u03baB pathway\u2010associated molecules were estimated through western blotting, immunohistochemical, and immunohistochemical staining. <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> infection caused lung histopathologic damage, enhanced MPO activity, elevated lung W\/D weight ratio, and upregulated inflammatory cytokine levels in mice and promoted inflammatory cytokine expression in BEAS\u20102B cells, which were reversed by ECH treatment. <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> infection\u2010induced upregulation in TLR4, phosphorylated (p)\u2010p65, and p\u2010I\u03baB\u03b1 levels, and downregulation in I\u03baB\u03b1 levels in BEAS\u20102B cells and pneumonia mice were overturned by ECH treatment. ECH ameliorates <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\u2010induced pneumonia through suppressing the TLR4\/NF\u2010\u03baB pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.13507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T01:41:13Z","timestamp":1736127673000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Echinacoside attenuates <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/i>\u2010induced pneumonia via inhibition of the <scp>TLR4<\/scp>\/<scp>NF<\/scp>\u2010<scp>\u03baB<\/scp> signaling"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Mi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Yichang Central People's Hospital  Yichang 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