{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:27:59Z","timestamp":1753878479872,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["APMIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The gut microbiota plays a critical role in the occurrence and development of IBS\u2010D, however, IBS\u2010D\u2010associated tongue coating microbiome dysbiosis has not yet been clearly defined. To address this, we analyzed the structure and composition of the tongue coating microbiome in 23 IBS\u2010D patients and 12 healthy controls using 16S rRNA high\u2010throughput sequencing analysis. The 16S rRNA sequencing results revealed that the overall observed OTUs of tongue coating microbiome in IBS\u2010D patients exhibited a significant decrease compared with the healthy controls. Alpha diversity analysis showed that the diversity and community richness were significantly reduced in IBS\u2010D patients, and PCoA revealed a distinct clustering of tongue coating microbiome between the IBS\u2010D patients and healthy controls. Microbial comparisons at the genus level showed that the abundance of <jats:italic>Veillonella<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic> in IBS\u2010D patients was higher than those in healthy controls, while <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Haemophilus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Granulicatella<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Rothia<\/jats:italic> were significantly reduced compared with the healthy volunteers. Functional analysis results showed significant differences in 88 functional metabolic pathways between the IBS\u2010D patients and the healthy controls, including fatty acid biosynthesis. These findings identified the structure, composition, functionality of tongue coating microbiome in IBS\u2010D patients, and hold promise the potential for therapeutic targets during IBS\u2010D management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.70001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T10:34:26Z","timestamp":1738578866000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Alterations in the Tongue Coating Microbiome in Patients With Diarrhea\u2010Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Yitong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuhe","family":"Mai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of 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