{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T07:47:55Z","timestamp":1789199275869,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["APMIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Candida auris<\/jats:italic> is an enigmatic fungal pathogen, recently elevated as a critical priority group pathogen by the World Health Organisation, linked with its ability to cause outbreaks within nosocomial care units, facilitated through environmental persistence. We investigated the susceptibility of phenotypically distinct <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>C. auris<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> isolates to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and evaluated the role of biofilms in surviving disinfection using a dry\u2010surface biofilm (DSB) model and transcriptomic profiling. Planktonic cells were tested for susceptibility to NaOCl, with biofilm formation using the 12\u2010day DSB model, assessed using viable counts, biomass assays and microscopy. Disinfection efficacy was assessed using clinical protocols of 500\u20131,000\u2009ppm for 1\u20135\u2009min. RNA sequencing was performed on untreated DSBs in comparison to planktonic cells. Isolates were found to be susceptible planktonically, but grew NaOCl\u2010tolerant biofilms, with only 2\u20134 log<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> reductions in viable cells observed at highest concentrations. Transcriptomics identified DSB upregulation of ABC transporters and iron acquisition pathways relative to planktonic cells. Our findings optimized a DSB protocol in which <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>C. auris<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> can mediate tolerance to NaOCl disinfection, suggesting a lifestyle through which this problematic yeast can environmentally persist. Mechanistically, it has been shown for the first time that upregulation of small\u2010molecule and iron transport pathways are potential facilitators of environmental survival.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.70022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T20:30:18Z","timestamp":1744057818000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Dry Surface Biofilm Formation by <i>Candida auris<\/i> Facilitates Persistence and Tolerance to Sodium Hypochlorite"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Alicia","family":"Ware","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Glasgow Caledonian University  Glasgow UK"},{"name":"Safeguarding Health Through Infection Prevention Research Group, Research Centre for Health (ReaCH) Glasgow Caledonian University  Glasgow 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