{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T03:40:51Z","timestamp":1779248451811,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003554","name":"Lundbeck Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R345\u20102020\u20101674"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R345\u20102020\u20101674"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003554","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["APMIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinically relevant animal models of peri\u2010prosthetic joint infection (PJI) are essential for studying infection initiation and progression. This study developed a PJI model in adult G\u00f6ttingen minipigs, explicitly focusing on the early stages of infection to gain new perceptions of PJI initiation. The model was established by drilling a hole into the femoral head, followed by inoculation with either <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096) or saline (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094) and inserting a stainless\u2010steel screw. The animals were euthanized within 2 or 3\u2009days post\u2010inoculation. Comprehensive bone and joint pathology analyses were performed. All <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> inoculated animals had bacteria reisolated from bone, screw, synovial fluid, and synovial membrane. Histology revealed numerous bacterial colonies in the peri\u2010implant bone tissue, many of which were unaccompanied by neutrophils, indicating delayed neutrophil recruitment to bacteria. In contrast, all synovial membrane\u2010located bacteria were recognized by the immune system. Digital pathology measures showed deep bacterial dispersion within the bone, at a far distance from the point of inoculation. This study presents a new PJI model, which facilitates the investigation of infection initiation and supports studies aimed at preventing PJI. The study uncovered two previously unknown insights into the development of PJI: delayed bacterial neutrophil recruitment and widespread osseous bacterial dissemination within 48\u2009h.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.70031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T09:51:04Z","timestamp":1749117064000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Delayed Bacterial Neutrophil Recruitment and Bacterial Bone Dispersion: New Identified Factors in Peri\u2010Prosthetic Joint Infection Development. Insights From an Adult Minipig Model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"133","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0366-9877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrine Top","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences University of Copenhagen  Frederiksberg C Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anton Alexander Nolte","family":"Peterlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences University of Copenhagen  Frederiksberg C Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen  Herlev Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie H\u00f8y","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences University of Copenhagen  Frederiksberg C Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie Knippel Melsted","family":"Birch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences University of Copenhagen  Frederiksberg C Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Odgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bent","family":"Aalb\u00e6k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences University of Copenhagen  Frederiksberg C Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5014-346X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mads Holm","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9004-0978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ida","family":"Thaarup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Bjarnsholt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen L.","family":"de Mesy Bentley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electron Microscope Shared Resource in the Center for Advanced Research Technology, Pathology &amp; Laboratory Medicine University of Rochester Medical Center  Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statens Serum Institut  Copenhagen S Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrik Elvang","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences University of Copenhagen  Frederiksberg C Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louise Kruse","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences University of Copenhagen  Frederiksberg C Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EOR-23-0078"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2203477"},{"issue":"19","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"1666","article-title":"Developing a Clinically Representative Model of Periprosthetic Joint Infection","volume":"98","author":"Carli A. V.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.4.180092"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61798-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200704000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/2633-1462.58.BJO-2024-0073.R1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","article-title":"QUESTION 22: Does an Animal Model for Periprosthetic Joint Infection (PJI) Exist?","author":"Goel R. C. A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Philadelphia Consensus Meeting on Musculoskeletal Infections"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24230"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0023677218766391"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985815593124"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22203\/eCM.v013a01"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1110607"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40634-015-0031-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0178-86"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.19.5.687-693.1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.27.4.619"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-024-05040-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23505"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2010.02700.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","first-page":"368","article-title":"Porcine Models of Non\u2010Bacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis (NBTE) and Infective Endocarditis (IE) Caused by Staphylococcus aureus: A Preliminary Study","volume":"22","author":"Christiansen J. G.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Heart Valve Disease"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2010.02042.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.01207-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/jbji.22799"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.06215-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03715.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.950855"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","first-page":"966","article-title":"The Value of Quantitative Histology in the Diagnosis of Fracture\u2010Related Infection","volume":"100","author":"Morgenstern M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bone & Joint Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17204-5"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","first-page":"257","article-title":"A Non\u2010Traumatic \n                     Staphylococcus aureus\n                   Osteomyelitis Model in Pigs","volume":"24","author":"Jensen H. E.","year":"2010","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01913129209074550"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"The EBJIS Definition of Periprosthetic Joint Infection: A Practical Guide for Clinicians","volume":"103","author":"McNally M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bone & Joint Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","first-page":"73","volume-title":"Inflammation and Healing, in Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease","author":"Ackermann M. R.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.120775"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.25716"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.02.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-016-0855-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2020.151914"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2013.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro821"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3055"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.13312"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","first-page":"343","article-title":"Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling of the Effect of Rotation During Reaming Into the Intramedullary Canal of a Long Bone","volume":"1","author":"Bahen J.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-022-00234-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2011.11.002"}],"container-title":["APMIS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apm.70031","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T09:23:32Z","timestamp":1750929812000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/apm.70031"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/apm.70031"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apm.70031","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0903-4641","1600-0463"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0903-4641","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0463","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70031"}}