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Lactobacillus bacteria play a critical role in maintaining a balanced vaginal microbiome by supporting an acidic environment and helping combat conditions like BV, AIDS, maternal group B Streptococcus (GBS), and candidiasis. Probiotics, either alone or combined with antibiotics, have shown promise in promoting microbiome recovery and potentially reducing recovery time. However, their efficacy depends on the strains used and specific conditions, emphasizing the need for further research. Additionally, probiotics can mitigate risks associated with excessive antibiotic use, including antibiotic resistance. The increasing interest in probiotics for women's sexual health has led to the development of specialized products, though identifying superior strains and optimal dosages remains an ongoing challenge. In conclusion, probiotics offer a non\u2010invasive and cost\u2010effective approach to supporting women's health by promoting microbiota balance and enhancing immune function. They offer a promising strategy for managing BV and potentially reducing STD risks. However, further research is necessary to standardize strains, dosages, and application methods in order to achieve consistent and effective outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.70086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T10:27:32Z","timestamp":1763375252000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Probiotics in Women's Health: Mechanisms, Benefits, and Potential Applications for Preventing Bacterial Vaginosis and Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Sexual Health Products"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Yousef","family":"Nami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Biotechnology, Branch for Northwest and West Region, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6666-133X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anahita","family":"Barghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Life Science Dong\u2010A University  Busan South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahsa","family":"Sadeghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Biotechnology, Branch for Northwest and West Region, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tara","family":"Farhadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Students Research Committee Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences  Kermanshah Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sajjad","family":"Babaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regenerative Medicine Research Center (RMRC), Health Technology Institute Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences  Kermanshah Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9535-9128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Babak","family":"Haghshenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regenerative Medicine Research Center (RMRC), Health Technology Institute Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences  Kermanshah Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_16_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8020197"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2020.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i29.8787"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22063076"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ085"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13102818.2017.1400401"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.15467"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10112639"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26423-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2020.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ctg.2018.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-020-00476-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuy056"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11081806"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2018.0159"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.61.S103"},{"issue":"1498","key":"e_1_2_16_18_1","first-page":"90","article-title":"Probiotics and Health: Understanding Probiotic Trials","volume":"132","author":"Laws G.","year":"2019","journal-title":"New Zealand Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogoh.2021.102174"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-017-8659-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0001-3765202220210731"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftad012"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2019.01.001"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_16_24_1","first-page":"47","article-title":"Antiviral Medications, Part 1: Treating Herpes and Influenza Viruses","volume":"26","author":"Rhea Faye D. 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