{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T01:10:07Z","timestamp":1783818607121,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017623","name":"Zhejiang Provincial Outstanding Youth Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LR24H200001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LR24H200001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017623","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["APMIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study aims to review recent literature on the delayed re\u2010emergence of\n                    <jats:italic>Mycoplasma pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MP) and to discuss its epidemiological characteristics, treatment strategies, and future research directions for global MP prevention and control. Through a systematic review of the recent relevant literature, the epidemiological changes in MP and the rate of increase in drug resistance during and after the COVID\u201019 pandemic were analyzed. Moreover, the main treatment strategies for MP, including traditional antibiotics, immunomodulators, and combination therapy, were comprehensively analyzed. The results demonstrated that nonpharmacological interventions (NPIs) implemented during the COVID\u201019 pandemic exerted a marked reduction in MP detection rates. However, subsequent to the progressive relaxation of NPI measures, a resurgence of MP infections has been observed across multiple global regions, accompanied by an escalating prevalence of antimicrobial resistance\u2014particularly concerning macrolide antibiotics. The investigation further conducted systematic analyses of current therapeutic regimens for MP infection, providing critical evaluations of their respective clinical advantages and limitations in practical application. This study proposes strategies for MP's delayed recirculation control amidst its changing epidemiology and drug resistance, offering a scientific basis and practical suggestions for global MP prevention.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.70092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T06:45:43Z","timestamp":1762929943000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Resurgence of\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    Infections in the Post\u2010\n                    <scp>COVID<\/scp>\n                    \u201019 Era: Epidemiology, Therapeutic Challenges, and Mitigation Strategies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Ruiying","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health National Children's Regional Medical Center  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"Liangzhu Laboratory Zhejiang University Medical Center  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2041-5743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenxia","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine Westlake University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6756-0630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qing","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health National Children's Regional Medical Center  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"Liangzhu Laboratory Zhejiang University Medical Center  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.4.697-728.2004"},{"issue":"14","key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"1082","article-title":"Epidemiological Characteristics and Macrolide\u2010Resistance of Children Hospitalized With Mycoplasma Pneumo\u2010Niae Infection in Beijing From 2016 to 2019","volume":"37","author":"Yacui W.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Applied Clinical Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.843463"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.106944"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2024.12559"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5409\/wjcp.v12.i3.115"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(23)00406-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2801.210497"},{"issue":"19","key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","article-title":"Mycoplasma pneumoniae\n                   Detections Before and During the COVID\u201019 Pandemic: Results of a Global Survey, 2017 to 2021. 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