{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T17:09:19Z","timestamp":1772989759202,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["APMIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Antibody levels induced by SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection have been reported to be associated with specific symptoms, disease severity, and viral load. In this study we investigated whether antibody responses were associated with virus type (Alpha B.1.1.7 or non\u2010variants of concern (non\u2010VOC)), viral load and clinical outcome in unvaccinated non\u2010hospitalized adults with PCR\u2010confirmed SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection. Serum samples, questionnaires and symptom diaries were collected longitudinally (Day 0\u2013180) between May 2020 and June 2021. IgG levels against ancestral Wuhan antigens and antibodies inhibiting RBD\u2010ACE2 interaction were measured by multiplex immunoassay and flowcytometry, respectively. Antibody neutralization assays were performed with B.1 and B.1.1.7 viruses. Viral load was measured by digital\u2010droplet PCR, and virus isolates were sequenced. Factors influencing IgG levels were investigated using Bayesian multilevel models. Alpha\u2010cases had 2.6\u20133.2\u2010fold higher IgG levels against RBD, nucleocapsid, and spike on Day 14, and higher antibody\u2010mediated inhibition of ACE2\u2010RBD interaction compared to non\u2010VOC cases. Alpha\u2010cases displayed 1.8\u2010 and 5.4\u2010fold higher neutralizing antibody titers than non\u2010VOC cases against B.1 and B1.1.7, respectively, but both non\u2010VOC and Alpha cases displayed the lowest ratio of binding to neutralizing antibodies against their infecting virus type. Alpha cases reported more symptoms than non\u2010VOC cases, but the severity of disease was similar. Nausea was significantly associated with higher IgG levels, while no association was found for viral load, despite Alpha cases having higher viral loads than non\u2010VOC cases. This study shows higher antibody responses induced by the more transmissible Alpha virus compared to earlier non\u2010VOC variants after mild SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection. Reporting of nausea was positively associated with IgG levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.70102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T07:30:37Z","timestamp":1765438237000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<scp>SARS<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>CoV<\/scp>\n                    \u20102 Infection With Alpha B.1.1.7 Virus Induced Higher Antibody Responses Than Earlier Non\u2010\n                    <scp>VOC<\/scp>\n                    Variants During the First Waves of the\n                    <scp>COVID<\/scp>\n                    \u201019 Pandemic in Norway"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"133","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8280-8243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gro","family":"Tunheim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection Control Norwegian Institute of Public 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