{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:00:56Z","timestamp":1790802056591,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008697","name":"University of Karachi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008697","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["APMIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Several highly antibiotic\u2010resistant infections are caused by methicillin\u2010resistant\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MRSA) due to its ability to form biofilms. Antibiofilm strategies cannot be developed without the use of comprehensive microscopic techniques. This study aimed to examine the antibiofilm activity of linoleic acid, ferulic acid, vanillic acid, and iso\u2010vanillic acid against the MRSA and its biofilm. The microdilution method was used to study the antibacterial activity of selected natural products against MRSA in\u00a0vitro. SEM was used to examine the effect of selected natural products on the degradation of extracellular polymeric substances of MRSA biofilms. Metabolic activity was monitored using the tetrazolium (MTT) assay. SEM images revealed that sub\u2010inhibitory concentrations of linoleic acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, and isovanillic acid significantly prevented MRSA cell adhesion, and altered bacterial morphology. Whereas, treatment of mature biofilms with higher concentrations of vanillic acid, linoleic acid, ferulic acid, and isovanillic acid resulted in significant destruction of biofilms and their extracellular polymeric substances. Linoleic acid, ferulic acid, vanillic acid, and iso\u2010vanillic acid, therefore, could help in the prevention of MRSA biofilm formation, and the removal of preformed biofilms, which will lead to the development of combinatorial strategies against biofilm\u2010related MRSA infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.70116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T08:02:28Z","timestamp":1766390548000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Evaluation of the Efficacy of Some Natural Products Against Methicillin\u2010Resistant\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    Biofilms by Scanning Electron Microscopy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"133","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4667-9835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian Rams\u00e8s Kuat\u00e9","family":"Tokam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Dschang  Dschang Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5946-9581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Borel","family":"Ndezo Bisso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science University of Dschang  Dschang Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2052-9190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Humera","family":"Jahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology The University of Lahore  Lahore Pakistan"},{"name":"Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences University of Karachi  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3568-6711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean Paul","family":"Dzoyem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science University of Dschang  Dschang Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5356-3585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Iqbal","family":"Choudhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences University of Karachi  Karachi Pakistan"},{"name":"H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences University of Karachi  Karachi Pakistan"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga  Surabaya Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"WHO \u201cUpdates List of Drug\u2010Resistant Bacteria Most Threatening to Human Health\u201d https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/17\u201005\u20102024\u2010who\u2010updates\u2010list\u2010of\u2010drug\u2010resistant\u2010bacteria\u2010most\u2010threatening\u2010to\u2010human\u2010health."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/CUREUS.37877"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/9410609"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/7029944"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S379502"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/7274309"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1936165"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/1207536"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12040668"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8081222"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2020.103922"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","volume-title":"Natural Products as Antibiofilm Agents. 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