{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T21:31:25Z","timestamp":1792704685643,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Myco\/3\/2020\u2010ECD\u2010II"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Myco\/3\/2020\u2010ECD\u2010II"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["APMIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic>\n                    Keratitis is a corneal infection that causes blindness if left untreated. Immune profiling of\n                    <jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010infected corneas may facilitate the development of an effective immunotherapy. The ex\u00a0vivo caprine (goat) cornea model examines immune cell and cytokine activity in response to\n                    <jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic>\n                    keratitis. Dissected caprine corneas maintained in ex\u00a0vivo culture conditions were infected with the clinical\n                    <jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolate (CSH_1) to study local immune responses. Immuno\u2010phenotyping was performed using immune cell markers CD45, CD11b, and HLA\u2010DR\/DQ, followed by quantification of IL\u20101\u00df, IL\u20106, IFN\u2010\u03b3, TGF\u2010\u00df, IL\u20104, IL\u201010, and MCP\u20101 through ELISA. The efficacy of antifungals was evaluated by sectioning drug\u2010treated infected corneas by H&amp;E staining and cytokine profiling to assess the immunomodulatory effect of antifungal treatment. Results show that CD45\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    lymphocytes, recognized as a universal marker for immune cells, were abundant in the cornea. Activated myeloid cells (CD 11b\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    HLA DR\/DQ\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and cytokines IL\u20101\u00df, IL\u20106, IFN\u2010\u03b3, TGF\u2010\u00df, IL\u20104, IL\u201010, and MCP\u20101 were significantly elevated in infected corneas relative to uninfected samples. Among the drugs tested, posaconazole showed complete inhibition of\n                    <jats:italic>Fusarium,<\/jats:italic>\n                    while natamycin and amphotericin B showed the least inhibition and moderate inhibition was shown by voriconazole. The ex\u00a0vivo model offers a valuable framework for evaluating pre\u2010clinical efficacy of different treatment protocols for fungal keratitis on local tissue.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.70120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T07:47:49Z","timestamp":1765871269000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Ex Vivo Goat Corneal Model for Investigating Host Immune Responses and Antifungal Drug Testing in\n                    <i>Fusarium<\/i>\n                    Keratitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"133","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5494-2824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pinal","family":"Trivedi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Science The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda  Vadodara 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