{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T04:05:01Z","timestamp":1790395501409,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AMR\/Adhoc\/284\/2022\u2010ECD\u2010II"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AMR\/Adhoc\/284\/2022\u2010ECD\u2010II"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["APMIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Colistin (COL) belongs to the polymyxin group of drugs, which possesses a positive charge and interacts with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Gram\u2010negative bacterial outer membranes.\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , a bacterium in the \u201cESKAPE\u201d group of \u201cpriority pathogens,\u201d has acquired resistance against the majority of available antibiotics, including the last resort antibiotic COL. Though plasmid\u2010encoded acquisition of\n                    <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010genes has been associated with clinical resistance, efflux, loss of LPS by inactivation of the biosynthetic pathway (\n                    <jats:italic>lpx<\/jats:italic>\n                    ACD), and modifications of target LPS by products of chromosomal\n                    <jats:italic>pmr<\/jats:italic>\n                    CAB genes has been ascribed to resistance evolution. Systemic characterization of trade\u2010offs and traits accompanying the evolution of COL resistance in the bacteria remains unaccomplished. Here we report adaptive evolution of extreme COL resistance of the reference strain\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A. baumannii<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ATCC\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    19606. Systemic phenotypic characterization of the mutants revealed hyperbiofilm formation and a striking decrease in fitness as the major evolution\u2010associated attributes. Comprehensive antibiotic susceptibility profiling indicated collateral sensitivity against vancomycin and fosfomycin. Whole genome sequencing of the resistant strains led to the identification of mutations associated with COL resistance. Phenotypic characterization of three COL\u2010resistant clinical isolates of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    revealed similarity with experimentally evolved resistant mutants in one of the isolates, in which none of the\n                    <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010genes could be detected.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.70121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T05:27:21Z","timestamp":1765776441000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Identification of Evolutionary Trade\u2010Offs Associated With High\u2010Level Colistin Resistance in\n                    <i>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Kusumita","family":"Acharya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AMR\u2010Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences Adamas University  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Upasana","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AMR\u2010Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences Adamas University  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shatarupa","family":"Biswas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AMR\u2010Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences Adamas University  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilanjan","family":"Pradhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Science and Technology Indian Institute of Technology  Kharagpur India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunandini","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Science and Technology Indian Institute of Technology  Kharagpur India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mallika","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Lal PathLabs\u2010Kolkata Reference Lab  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arijit","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AMR\u2010Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences Adamas University  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01867-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2023.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1196774"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2020.100077"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-25226-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.65836"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Interplay Between Colistin Resistance, Virulence and Fitness in \n                     Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"6","author":"Da Silva G. 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