{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T19:39:16Z","timestamp":1781725156806,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["APMIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Biofilms pose a significant threat to public health due to their role in antibiotic\u2010resistant infections, including urinary tract infections, cystic fibrosis, and infective endocarditis.\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Enterobacter hormaechei<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , a Gram\u2010negative bacterium within the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Enterobacter cloacae<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    complex (ECC), is a known biofilm\u2010former that contributes to infections in the urinary tract, soft tissues, and medical devices. This study investigates the antibiofilm activity of naringin (NA), a flavonoid derived from naringenin, against\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>E. hormaechei<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    using various assays. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) assay revealed that NA inhibits planktonic bacterial growth, with an MIC value of 4.096\u2009mg\/mL. Crystal Violet (CV) assay revealed a significant reduction in biofilm formation at NA concentrations of 0.5\u2009mg\/mL, 1\u2009mg\/mL, and 1.5\u2009mg\/mL compared to controls. Fluorescence microscopy further confirmed a decrease in bacterial population and disruption of biofilm architecture following NA treatment. In silico analysis was conducted to investigate the potential molecular interactions of NA with the biofilm regulatory proteins MrkB and FimA. The results indicated that NA might effectively inhibit biofilm formation in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>E. hormaechei<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    by targeting these two key proteins involved in pilus biogenesis and bacterial adherence. These findings suggest that NA could serve as a potential therapeutic agent against\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>E. hormaechei<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010associated infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.70124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T08:01:07Z","timestamp":1766390467000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Exploring the Antibiofilm Potential of Naringin Against\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Enterobacter hormaechei<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    : Experimental and Computational Insights"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Gopika","family":"Babu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology Government Arts College  Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parvathi","family":"Vaikkathillam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology Government College for Women  Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pooja P","family":"Rajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology Government College for Women  Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devi","family":"Jayakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology Government College for Women  Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramya R","family":"Prabhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology Government Arts College  Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2584-0703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Praveen","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology Government College for Women  Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a010306"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15190\/d.2019.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e01067"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2022.106650"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11030292"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2010.02308.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3841.2011.02427.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2005.01699.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2007.03694.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/jm.2011.394.401"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5897\/AJMR11.275"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08927014.2024.2446927"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4155\/fmc.15.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2023.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2022.120700"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104867"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2020.151410"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12088\u2010024\u201001377\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08927014.2023.2279996"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wcms.74"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2021.1889666"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2017.1359393"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens8020049"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2011.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10071686"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2024.104233"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2020.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.589702"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867322666150309110238"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00874\u201013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2220"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1722083"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.15512"}],"container-title":["APMIS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apm.70124","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/apm.70124","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apm.70124","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T12:04:53Z","timestamp":1772971493000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/apm.70124"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/apm.70124"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apm.70124","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0903-4641","1600-0463"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0903-4641","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0463","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70124"}}