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Prostate samples from 70 men (30 prostate cancer, 40 benign) were analyzed by in\u00a0situ hybridization for nine miRNAs identified via serum next\u2010generation sequencing (NGS). Digital image analysis was used to quantify miRNAs in benign and malignant epithelial compartments and stromal cells. Five of the nine miRNAs were detected in prostate tissue. miR\u2010550a, miR\u20104754, and miR\u20104326 exhibited an \u201cepithelial down, stromal up\u201d pattern accompanied by elevated serum levels; serum miR\u2010550a correlated with high\u2010grade tumor cells. miR\u20101246 progressively decreased from benign epithelium through Gleason grade 3 to grade 4 tumor cells, suggesting increased secretion by advanced tumor cells. However, extraprostatic contributions and assay cross\u2010reactivity likely influenced its serum profile. miR\u20104632 exhibited distinct compartmental alterations, but methodological or extraprostatic factors appeared to affect serum detection. Overall, this integrative profiling reveals that not all miRNAs altered in serum from prostate cancer patients originate from prostate tissue, underscoring the value of comparative tissue\/serum analyses. miR\u2010550a, miR\u20101246, miR\u20104754, and miR\u20104326 emerge as promising biomarkers warranting further longitudinal evaluation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.70150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T09:57:34Z","timestamp":1769767054000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Compartment\u2010Specific\n                    <scp>miRNA<\/scp>\n                    Levels in Prostate Cancer: In\u00a0Situ Profiling of Serum Biomarker Candidates"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"134","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2513-2769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik Nesje","family":"Wiik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, St. Olav's Hospital Trondheim University Hospital  Trondheim Norway"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrik Sahlin","family":"Pettersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)  Trondheim Norway"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, St. Olav's Hospital Trondheim University Hospital  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haakon","family":"Skogseth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, St. Olav's Hospital Trondheim University Hospital  Trondheim Norway"},{"name":"Department of Public Health and Nursing Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jostein","family":"Halgunset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, St. Olav's Hospital Trondheim University Hospital  Trondheim Norway"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arne","family":"Wibe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21590"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","volume-title":"Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease","author":"Kumar V.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2015.06.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030660"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(04)00045-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.082701.108"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2011.76"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3066"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2015.12.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13143537"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2014.2988"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12236"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12880"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.816281"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17204-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002340"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1008374"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","article-title":"Rethinking Atrous Convolution for Semantic Image Segmentation","author":"Chen L.\u2010C.","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K.He X.Zhang S.Ren andJ.Sun \u201cDeep residual learning for image recognition. 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