{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T02:22:54Z","timestamp":1774491774597,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["APMIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Biofilm\u2010associated infections pose significant challenges due to the increased antibiotic resistance of microorganisms within these structures. This study involved isolating and characterizing the biosurfactant produced by\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    RSL\u20102 using molasses to develop a sustainable antibiofilm agent. The biosurfactant was identified as a surfactin\u2010like lipopeptide (molecular weight: 1037\u2009g\/mol) based on FTIR,\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    H NMR, and HRMS analyses. It demonstrated a low critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 70\u2009mg\/L and markedly decreased surface and interfacial tensions to 24.46 and 0.46 mN\/m, respectively. Functional experiments revealed significant surface activity, as evidenced by a 2.2\u2009cm oil\u2010displacement zone and an emulsification index of 91% in toluene. The surfactin demonstrated concentration\u2010dependent antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy against\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Enterococcus hirae<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Agrobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                    at their respective IC\n                    <jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>\n                    values. The producer strains exhibited high IC\n                    <jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>\n                    values, likely reflecting their inherent tolerance to surfactants. Surfactin's eco\u2010friendliness, antibiofilm activity, and functional adaptability make it a promising agent for managing biofilms in both medicinal and industrial applications. This work highlights the strategic potential of molasses\u2010derived biosurfactants as environmentally friendly and sustainable options for antibacterial and antifungal applications, particularly for addressing biofilm\u2010associated infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.70182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T03:00:47Z","timestamp":1773284447000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sustainable Disruption of Microbial Biofilms: Functional and Antimicrobial Assessment of a Lipopeptide Biosurfactant"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Rahul","family":"Verma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio\u2010Interface &amp; Environmental Engineering Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati  Guwahati Assam India"},{"name":"Integrated Bioprocessing 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