{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T02:22:54Z","timestamp":1774491774965,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["APMIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n This study investigated the effect of the COVID\u201019 pandemic on the epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of fecal\n Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n spp.\n \n ,\n Salmonella enterica<\/jats:styled-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n , and\n \n Yersinia enterocolitica<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n strains in Southwest Finland from 2018 to 2022. Results show that the number of travel\u2010associated\n \n S. enterica<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n spp. declined markedly from autumn 2019 to autumn 2020 and have recovered gradually. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on bacterial strains isolated from PCR\u2010positive fecal specimens. Resistance patterns fluctuated throughout the study period. Among\n \n C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n , ciprofloxacin resistance averaged 58% in domestic (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009155) and 88% travel\u2010associated (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200910) strains, while tetracycline resistance averaged 36% and 63%, respectively; erythromycin resistance was not detected. In\n \n S. enterica<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n , resistance averaged 42% and 33% to ampicillin, 33% and 45% to fluoroquinolones, 4% and 6% to cefotaxime, and 0% and 2% to co\u2010trimoxazole, in domestic (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200924) and travel\u2010associated (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200932) strains, respectively. Among domestic\n \n Y. enterocolitica<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n strains (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200964), resistance averaged 7% to co\u2010trimoxazole, 2% to ciprofloxacin, and 1% to cefotaxime; no travel\u2010associated strains were reported. This study shows that lockdowns due to the COVID\u201019 pandemic decreased the number of diagnosed enteropathogens and limited the emergence of resistant strains. Thus, our results reaffirm that travel remains the primary source of\n \n S. enterica<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n infections in Finland.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.70187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T00:03:31Z","timestamp":1773446611000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of\n COVID<\/scp>\n \u201019 Pandemic on Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of\n Campylobacter<\/i>\n Species,\n \n Salmonella enterica<\/i>\n <\/scp>\n and\n \n Yersinia enterocolitica<\/i>\n <\/scp>\n in Southwest Finland 2018\u20132022"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Tanja","family":"Orpana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teemu","family":"Kallonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku Turku Finland"},{"name":"Turku Clinical Microbiome Bank, Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, the Wellbeing Services County of Southwest Finland Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antti J.","family":"Hakanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku Turku Finland"},{"name":"Turku Clinical Microbiome Bank, Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, the Wellbeing Services County of Southwest Finland Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4347-3233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianne","family":"Gunell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku Turku Finland"},{"name":"Turku Clinical Microbiome Bank, Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, the Wellbeing Services County of Southwest Finland Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00200"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2021.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12853"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14040316"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/87559129.2021.1942487"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","article-title":"The European Union One Health 2021 Zoonoses Report","volume":"20","author":"European Food Safety Authority and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control","year":"2022","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","article-title":"The European Union One Health 2022 Zoonoses Report","volume":"21","author":"European Food Safety Authority and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control","year":"2023","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555819804.ch12"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","volume-title":"Finnish Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring and Consumption of Antimicrobial Agents","author":"FINRES\u2010Vet","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","volume-title":"Infectious Diseases Register Publication 2021 (in Finnish)","year":"2022"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","article-title":"A Nationwide Outbreak of Multiresistant Salmonella typhimurium in Finland due to Contaminated Lettuce From Spain, May 2005","volume":"10","author":"Takkinen J.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","article-title":"Outbreak of Salmonella Weltevreden Infections in Norway, Denmark and Finland Associated With Alfalfa Sprouts, July\u2010October 2007","volume":"12","author":"Emberland K. 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