{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T18:21:02Z","timestamp":1788373262757,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["APMIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is a heterogenous group of invasive breast cancer with distinct morphological patterns and negativity for hormone receptors and HER2. The pathogenesis of MBC is unknown but tumour cells exhibit epithelial\u2010mesenchymal transition and breast cancer stem cell\u2013like characteristics. Genomic characterisation of these tumours can lead to identification of targetable mutations which may help in improving the overall treatment outcome. Sixty\u2010seven retrospective cases of MBC were sub\u2010classified morphologically. Cytoplasmic expression of ALDH1 was evaluated using IHC to estimate the stemness. Alteration in PI3K\/AKT\/PTEN\/MAPK pathway was studied using next generation sequencing (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200947). Histological subtypes were squamous cell carcinoma (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200925), Metaplastic carcinoma with heterologous mesenchymal differentiation (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200919), spindle cell carcinoma (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200919), Fibromatosis like metaplastic carcinoma (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20093), and Mixed metaplastic carcinoma (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091). ALDH1 was positive in 31.3% cases.\n                    <jats:italic>PI3K<\/jats:italic>\n                    was the most frequently altered gene followed by\n                    <jats:italic>PTEN, TP53<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>MAPK1<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene.\n                    <jats:italic>PI3K<\/jats:italic>\n                    alterations were more frequent in Spindle cell carcinoma and squamous carcinoma This study identified high frequency of stem cell marker and targetable genetic alterations in the PI3K signalling pathway. Thus, Inhibitors of the PI3K signalling pathway are ideal candidates for targeted therapy for MBC irrespective of histological subtype.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.70188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T14:55:31Z","timestamp":1774623331000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Deciphering Morphological Spectrum, Stemness and PI3K\/AKT\/PTEN\/MAPK Pathway Alterations in Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"134","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9991-9526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Venkat","family":"Shashidhar Chittapragada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histopathology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parul","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histopathology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arvind","family":"Sekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histopathology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siddhant","family":"Khare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santosh","family":"Irrinki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1457-8589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanjit","family":"Bal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histopathology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2017\u20100398"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","volume-title":"Breast Tumors","author":"Brogi E.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e31818ab26e"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078\u20100432.CCR\u201014\u20103354"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3637"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2007.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","volume-title":"Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease","author":"Kumar V.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","volume-title":"Rosen's Breast Pathology","author":"Rosen P. 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