{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T01:00:27Z","timestamp":1780707627376,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF19OC0056411"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF19OC0056411"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["APMIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The neutrophilic response to chronic\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    lung infection is strongly associated with collateral tissue damage impairing lung function in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). We recently demonstrated the concurrent presence of both biofilm bacteria and planktonic bacteria in chronically infected lungs in pwCF. However, the neutrophilic response to these distinct bacterial forms remains insufficiently characterized. To investigate this, we fractionated\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    batch\u2010cultures to enrich for biofilm or planktonic cells. Confocal microscopy showed that aggregates &gt;\u200930\u2009\u03bcm made up &gt;\u200992.5% of biofilm biomass, while aggregates &lt;\u200910\u2009\u03bcm comprised &gt;\u200995% of planktonic biomass. Viable cell numbers were validated by similar correlations between CFU\/mL and intracellular DNA content. The intensity of the oxidative burst by neutrophils in response to the fractions was estimated by luminol\u2010enhanced chemiluminescence. At low density, biofilm fractions triggered stronger responses than planktonic cells, whereas at high density, planktonic fractions induced the highest activation, indicating density\u2010dependent modulation. These findings suggest that at low densities, biofilms may exacerbate tissue damage by amplifying neutrophil responses. Therefore, the reduced bacterial load in pwCF on ETI therapy could make the balance between biofilm and planktonic\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    more critical for lung inflammation, though their distribution under ETI remains unknown.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.70210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T03:11:02Z","timestamp":1776309062000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Density\u2010Dependent Modulation of the Oxidative Burst by Neutrophils in Response to Planktonic and Biofilm Growing\n                    <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i>\n                    : When Less Is More"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"134","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1648-7186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter \u00d8strup","family":"Jensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet)  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Institute for Inflammation Research Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet)  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mads","family":"Lichtenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regitze Lund","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2085-894X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Blaine Gabriel","family":"Fritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8003-7414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Bjarnsholt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet)  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1671-2155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim Holm","family":"Jakobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00682-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200609-1354OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.129.2.431"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201203-0507OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2021-217576"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2022.100080"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.58.7.2383-2385.1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1992.tb03991.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.21011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005513"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00119-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.45.1.1-5.1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2009.06.063"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"572","article-title":"Genetic Recombination in \n                     Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"13","author":"Holloway B. 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