{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T04:05:46Z","timestamp":1779768346705,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004836","name":"Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10.46540\/2067\u201000003B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10.46540\/2067\u201000003B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004836","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["APMIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Obtaining an accurate age of skin wounds is a diagnostic challenge in forensic pathology. This study aimed to quantify collagen density and proliferation activity in porcine experimental wounds over time using machine learning\u2010based segmentation to provide an objective method for wound age estimation. Tissue sections from porcine experimental wounds (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200968) were stained with Masson's trichrome stain or immunohistochemically labeled for proliferation activity by Ki67. The experimental wounds were located on the back and 5\u201335\u2009days old. Collagen and proliferation activity in the wounds were quantified by training and application of neural network pixel and random trees object classifiers. The relative collagen fraction and the collagen ratio between lower and upper wound regions displayed significant time\u2010dependent patterns. The proliferative activity, assessed by the percentage of Ki67\u2010positive cells, was not suitable for age assessment. In conclusion, the application of a neural network pixel classifier trained to differentiate between collagen and cellular components is an objective method for forensic wound age assessment. However, to obtain a higher precision, the method should be used as a supportive tool in combination with other time\u2010dependent markers.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.70217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T15:01:41Z","timestamp":1778252501000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Computational Quantification of Collagen Density and Ki67\u2010Positive Cells in a Forensic Porcine Wound Model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"134","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0087-6649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristiane","family":"Barington","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Frederiksberg C Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2402-9997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christof Albert","family":"Bertram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Pathobiology University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7600-5869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharina","family":"Breininger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for AI and Data Science Julius\u2010Maximilians\u2010Universit\u00e4t W\u00fcrzburg  W\u00fcrzburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7277-7829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrik Elvang","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Frederiksberg C Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 98\/58\/EC of 20 July 1998 Concerning the Protection of Animals Kept for Farming Purposes","author":"The Council of the European Union","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2024.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2022.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985816653988"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024\u2010026\u201001183\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2023.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520600670349"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028\u2010018\u20100387\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1620338"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2016.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2025.10.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering8050063"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018\u2010016\u20102268\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2013.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","first-page":"121","article-title":"Cell Mitosis During Skin Wound Healing","volume":"31","author":"Noice F. M.","year":"1964","journal-title":"Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534\u2010199807000\u201000019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jsre.1996.0367"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0174\u2010173x(85)80002\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.3800254"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","first-page":"94","volume-title":"Manual of Histologic Staining Methods of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology","author":"Luna L. G.","year":"1968"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010017\u201017204\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","volume-title":"Knight's Forensic Pathology","author":"Saukko P.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028\u2010016\u20100229\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.11.3.677"}],"container-title":["APMIS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apm.70217","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/apm.70217","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apm.70217","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T03:52:59Z","timestamp":1779767579000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/apm.70217"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/apm.70217"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apm.70217","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0903-4641","1600-0463"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0903-4641","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0463","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70217"}}