{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T06:59:46Z","timestamp":1790319586159,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["APMIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The sustained increase in antimicrobial resistance among Gram\u2010negative bacilli (GNB) compromises the effectiveness of empirical treatment regimens. This study aims to describe the evolution of the frequency and antimicrobial resistance profiles of the most commonly isolated GNB in urine cultures in our area. A cross\u2010sectional, descriptive, and retrospective study was conducted, analyzing urine cultures from patients with suspected UTIs between 2021 and 2025. Microorganism identification was performed using MALDI Biotyper or MicroScan systems, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out using MicroScan, interpreted according to EUCAST guidelines. A total of 81,791 urine cultures were analyzed. In\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>E.\u2009coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , a significant increase in resistance was observed for amoxicillin\u2010clavulanate, ciprofloxacin, piperacillin\u2010tazobactam, and fosfomycin (from 3.48% in 2021 to 25.31% in 2025).\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    showed a marked increase in resistance to fosfomycin (from 27.25% to 79.73%) and imipenem.\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , predominantly hospital\u2010acquired, exhibited a significant increase in resistance to piperacillin\u2010tazobactam, imipenem, and antipseudomonal cephalosporins. The evolution of antimicrobial resistance in uropathogenic GNB in our region is complex and dynamic. The spread of carbapenemases highlights the need for rigorous local epidemiological surveillance and optimization of antimicrobial stewardship programs to guide empirical therapy and infection control measures.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.70257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T23:54:05Z","timestamp":1788220445000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Trends in the Frequency and Antimicrobial Resistance of Common Gram\u2010Negative Bacilli Isolated From Urine Cultures"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"134","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3125-0194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leticia","family":"Castellano\u2010S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Laboratory Hospital Universitario Virgen de Las Nieves\u2010Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Granada  Granada Spain"},{"name":"Clinical Medicine and Public Health Doctoral Program Graduate School, University of Granada  Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9637-2025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Rosales\u2010Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Universitario Virgen de Las Nieves\u2010Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Granada  Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Requena\u2010Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Laboratory Hospital Universitario Virgen de Las Nieves\u2010Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Granada  Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Ramos\u2010Berm\u00fadez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology School of Medicine, University of Granada\u2010Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Granada  Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeriano","family":"Esteban\u2010Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology School of Medicine, University of Granada\u2010Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Granada  Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6146-9740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez\u2010Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Laboratory Hospital Universitario Virgen de Las Nieves\u2010Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Granada  Granada Spain"},{"name":"Clinical Medicine and Public Health Doctoral Program Graduate School, University of Granada  Granada Spain"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology School of Medicine, University of Granada\u2010Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Granada  Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241310537"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0924\u20108579(01)00389\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2014.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) \u201cAntimicrobial resistance in the EU\/EEA (EARS\u2010Net)\u2014Annual epidemiological report for 2023 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