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This study intended to focus on the utility of a novel proprietary lactam molecule, a quorum sensing (QS) inhibitor, against\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . We assessed isolate susceptibility to lactam treatment. In addition, RNA\u2010Seq was used to assess lactam\u2010induced transcriptional changes in phenotypically distinct\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    strains. The mechanistic basis of these transcriptional responses and a series of biochemical assays were performed using the reference strain SC5314. Our findings show that lactam influences multiple cellular processes, including cell wall integrity, efflux pump activity, oxidative stress responses and biofilm formation, with effects differing markedly between high and low biofilm formers. Vacuolation was observed with prolonged exposure to the lactam, and related genes in this process were identified and the phenotype confirmed. These results, supported by pathway analyses and mechanistic validation experiments, indicate that lactam's antifungal activity does not rely on a single mode of action. Rather, it appears to involve multiple mechanisms that vary across heterogeneous\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    isolates. These data indicate the potential therapeutic benefit of a novel fungicidal antifungal agent with broad\u2010spectrum activity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.70258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:50:22Z","timestamp":1788483022000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mechanistic Investigations of a Novel Lactam Antifungal Agent Against\n                    <i>Candida albicans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Hafsa","family":"Abduljalil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Health, School of Health and Life Sciences Glasgow Caledonian University  Glasgow UK"},{"name":"Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8794-575X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Health, School of Health and Life Sciences Glasgow Caledonian University  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3311-0196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Butcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Health, School of Health and Life Sciences Glasgow Caledonian University  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Parry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unilever R&amp;D  Wirral UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2803-5254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanne","family":"O'Keeffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unilever R&amp;D  Wirral UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Penrhos Bio Limited  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0932-3514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gordon","family":"Ramage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Health, School of Health and Life Sciences Glasgow Caledonian University  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-025-01147-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"WHO \u201cWHO Fungal Priority Pathogens List to Guide Research Development and Public Health Action \u201d(2022)."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2016.157"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/528521"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00749-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.13310"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00074-23"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.13510"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tetlet.2007.01.165"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19420889.2024.2415598"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.2008.00439.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"Candida albicans\n                   Biofilm Heterogeneity and Tolerance of Clinical Isolates: Implications for Secondary Endodontic Infections","volume":"8","author":"Alshanta O. 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