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This article provides a comparative review of the epidemiology of mental disorders in Australia and India, summarizing and comparing prevalence rates in both countries based upon available data. Overall, it is evident that Australia has higher prevalence rates of mental disorders than India, across most diagnostic groups. Australia has the highest prevalence of anxiety disorders whereas India has the highest prevalence of substance use disorders; including tobacco use disorders. The next most prevalent mental disorders in India are depressive disorders. However, there are demographic parameters such as gender and age as well as service\u2010provision differences across the countries that need to be factored into any interpretation of the data. There are also problems associated with different diagnostic instruments with language and cultural nuances that may impact comparisons. We suggest that a joint epidemiological survey between the two countries would help better understand and delineate the key similarities pertaining to the epidemiology of mental disorders in Australia and India. This will in turn assist with the development of policy and treatment of mental disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/appy.12517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T01:19:41Z","timestamp":1654564781000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A comparative review of the epidemiology of mental disorders in Australia and India"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4324-4438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nagesh","family":"Pai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health University of Wollongong  Wollongong New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute  Wollongong New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District  Wollongong New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1223-1757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shae\u2010Leigh","family":"Vella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health University of Wollongong  Wollongong New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3075-1580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Castle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Complex Interventions Centre for Addiction and Mental Health  Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-027250"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics. 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