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Square dancing, a popular activity for older Chinese adults, is believed to relieve these disturbances. This study compared the prevalence, severity, and network structures of depression and anxiety among older square dancers versus non\u2010dancers (i.e., those who do not engage in square dancing).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Propensity score matching (PSM) created square dancer and non\u2010dancer groups using data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). Depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed with the 10\u2010item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD\u201010) and the 7\u2010item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD\u20107), respectively. Central symptoms and bridge symptoms were estimated in each group using expected influence (EI) and bridge EI, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study included 401 square dancers and a matched sample of 1163 non\u2010dancers. The prevalence and severity of depression and anxiety were significantly lower among square dancers compared to non\u2010dancers. In contrast, network structures of depressive and anxiety symptoms were similar between the two groups. \u201cUncontrollable worrying\u201d and \u201cFelt sadness\u201d were the most central symptoms, and \u201cNervousness\u201d, \u201cBothered by things\u201d and \u201cFelt nervous\/fearful\u201d were key bridge symptoms across both groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participation in square dancing is associated with reduced overall prevalence and severity of depression and anxiety among older adults, but is not associated with a unique network structure of these syndromes compared to non\u2010participation. Consequently, psychosocial interventions developed for depression and anxiety based on the network structure of non\u2010dancers may also be applicable for square dancers who experience anxiety and depression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/appy.70008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T07:35:39Z","timestamp":1758612939000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Associations of Square Dancing With Depression and Anxiety: Nationwide Study Findings From a Network Perspective"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9971-0787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meng\u2010Yi","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Jilin University  Jilin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9713-1458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders &amp; 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