{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T02:46:26Z","timestamp":1791081986802,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,21]],"date-time":"2012-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1345507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PREVENTCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , Prevent Coeliac Disease, is an international project investigating the hypothesis of possible induction of tolerance to gluten in genetically predisposed children through introducing small quantities of gluten during the period of breastfeeding.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To summarise current knowledge on the possible relationship between early feeding practices and the risk of coeliac disease (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ochrane\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ibrary,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MEDLINE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EMBASE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      databases were searched in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ay 2011, and the search was updated in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      anuary 2012, and again in July 2012.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Breastfeeding (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      : some studies show a protective effect of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , while others show no effect. No studies have shown a long\u2010term preventive effect.\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                        at the time of gluten introduction and\n                        <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      : Results from a meta\u2010analysis of five observational case\u2010control studies suggest that\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      at gluten introduction is associated with a lower risk of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      compared with formula feeding. It is unclear whether\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      provides a permanent protection or only delays the onset of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>Timing of gluten introduction<\/jats:italic>\n                      : The data suggest that both early (\u22644\u00a0months) and late (\u22657\u00a0months) introduction of gluten may increase the risk of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        Amount of gluten at weaning (and later) and\n                        <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      : One incident case\u2010referent study documented that the introduction of gluten in large amounts compared with small or medium amounts increased the risk of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the absence of clear evidence, in order to decrease the risk of later coeliac disease, it is reasonable to avoid both early (&lt;4\u00a0months) and late (\u22657\u00a0months) introduction of gluten, and to introduce gluten while the infant is still being breastfed. Future studies may clarify the remaining uncertainties.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,21]],"date-time":"2012-08-21T02:53:26Z","timestamp":1345517606000},"page":"607-618","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Systematic review: early infant feeding and the prevention of coeliac disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"H.","family":"Szajewska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Chmielewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Pie\u015bcik\u2010Lech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Ivarsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ume\u00e5 University Ume\u00e5 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Kolacek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Referral Center for Paediatric Gastroenterology &amp; Nutrition Children's Hospital Zagreb Zagreb Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Koletzko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Munich Medical Centre Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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