{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T02:36:43Z","timestamp":1785551803922,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,21]],"date-time":"2012-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1345507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vaptans may correct hyponatraemia and mobilise ascites through an increased excretion of water. The effect on clinical outcomes is debated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the effects of vaptans (tolvaptan, satavaptan and lixivaptan) on patients with cirrhosis and hyponatraemia or ascites.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systematic review of randomised controlled trials. The primary outcome measure was mortality. Electronic and manual searches were combined (April 2012). Data were extracted from published reports, online information from the Food and Drug Administration website or obtained through correspondence with authors and pharmaceutical companies. The primary meta\u2010analyses were performed using random effects models due to an expected clinical diversity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twelve trials with a total of 2266 patients were included. Randomisation was adequate in all trials. Eight trials were double\u2010blind. Random effects meta\u2010analyses found no clear differences between vaptans and control groups regarding mortality (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01.06, 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.90\u20131.26,\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00%), variceal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatorenal syndrome, or renal failure. Vaptans increased serum sodium levels (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01.8\u00a0mmol\/L, 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.79\u20132.96) and lead to reductions in weight and the time to the first paracenthesis. Vaptans increased the risk of adverse events (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a03.97, 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01.78\u20138.83), including an excessive urine volume (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a09.96, 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01.38\u201371.68).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vaptans have a small beneficial effect on hyponatraemia and ascites, but do not affect mortality, complications to cirrhosis or renal failure. The data do not support the routine use of vaptans in cirrhosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,21]],"date-time":"2012-08-21T23:06:08Z","timestamp":1345590368000},"page":"619-626","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Meta\u2010analysis: the safety and efficacy of vaptans (tolvaptan, satavaptan and lixivaptan) in cirrhosis with ascites or hyponatraemia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Dahl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Medical Gastroenterology Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre Faculty of Health Sciences Copenhagen University Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. L.","family":"Gluud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Kimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Gastroenterology Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre Faculty of Health Sciences Copenhagen University Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Krag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Gastroenterology Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre Faculty of Health Sciences Copenhagen University Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01320309"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840070124"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.06.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2010.02293.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.293"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840080532"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","unstructured":"Cochrane. Handbook"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","unstructured":"FDA. Available at:http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/Drugs\/default.htm. Accessed February 7 2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","unstructured":"FDA: Tolvaptan approval. Available at:http:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/nda\/2009\/022275s000_SumR.pdf. Accessed February 7 2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","unstructured":"EMEA: Withdrawal assessment report for Satavaptan. Available at:http:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/docs\/en_GB\/document_library\/Application_withdrawal_assessment_report\/2010\/01\/WC500066192.pdf. Accessed February 10 2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39465.451748.AD"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2010.04236.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2003.50143"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22293"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.02.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa065181"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","first-page":"467A","article-title":"The effects of a vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist in the management of patients with cirrhosis and hyponatremia. Safety and efficacy of oral Tolvaptan in the SALT trials","volume":"50","author":"Cardenas A","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"756A","article-title":"Randomized, placebo\u2010controlled trial of tolvaptan, a novel V2\u2010receptor antagonist, in hyponatremia: Results of the SALT 2 trial with emphasis on efficacy and safety in cirrhosis","volume":"42","author":"Afdhal N","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","first-page":"448A","article-title":"Double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled study of satavaptan in the management og reccurent ascites: the SPARE\u20101 study","volume":"50","author":"Wong F","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(10)60858-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(07)61688-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","first-page":"413A","article-title":"Effects of satavaptan on hyponatremia, management of ascites and morbidity in liver cirrhosis in a long\u2010term placebo\u2010controlled study","volume":"48","author":"Gines P","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(09)60104-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-300157"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2009080857"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117728"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.08.020"}],"container-title":["Alimentary Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fapt.12025","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apt.12025","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T09:54:15Z","timestamp":1695462855000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/apt.12025"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,21]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/apt.12025"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.12025","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.717954814.793461375","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0269-2813","1365-2036"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-2813","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2036","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,21]]}}}