{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T05:21:14Z","timestamp":1792300874413,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,28]],"date-time":"2012-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Expert consensus defines biliary dyskinesia as a rare disorder of the gall\u2010bladder characterised by pain and impaired gall\u2010bladder function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine trends in cholecystectomy rates for biliary dyskinesia in the United States.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>As biliary dyskinesia does not have a distinct diagnosis code, the narrative diagnoses for patients were reviewed and abstracted for 200 patients treated for the most commonly used diagnosis codes for biliary dyskinesia (validation sample). Time trends in cholecystectomies and hospitalisations for biliary diseases were assessed using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality) based on codes for cholecystectomy and diagnosis codes for different biliary disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the validation sample, biliary dyskinesia accounted for 81% of the patients with ICD\u20109 code 575.8 (<jats:italic>gall\u2010bladder disease not elsewhere specified<\/jats:italic>). Between 1997 and 2010, admissions for acute cholecystitis and complications of gallstone disease decreased slightly, whereas admissions with the primary diagnosis code ICD\u20109 575.8 tripled. This rise was most pronounced in the paediatric population (700% increase), with biliary dyskinesia accounting for more than 10% of cholecystectomies. Compared with acute biliary diseases, significantly more of the elective hospitalisations were covered by private insurances.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Practice patterns differ from expert opinion, with biliary dyskinesia accounting for an increasing fraction of cholecystectomies. The rise in these elective interventions is associated with a shift to a younger, low risk and predominantly privately insured population. Considering the benign nature of biliary dyskinesia, it is time to reassess the need for operative interventions, which have never been compared with active conservative therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,29]],"date-time":"2012-10-29T19:01:33Z","timestamp":1351537293000},"page":"98-106","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["The rising tide of cholecystectomy for biliary dyskinesia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Bielefeldt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03510120051029"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520440035033"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"274","article-title":"Cholecystitis without stone","volume":"22","author":"MacKay W","year":"1934","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.11.063"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)90540-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(99)00228-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Outcome after laparoscopic cholecystectomy for chronic acalculous cholecystitis","volume":"64","author":"Adams DB","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MNM.0b013e32832fd10a"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01320308"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003072-199210000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"643","article-title":"The changing face of cholecystectomy","volume":"64","author":"Johanning J","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004649900490"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.147.4.721"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/msy.2001.116906"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2003.11.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-011-1661-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lap.2007.0150"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-002-0822-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1177\/000313480807401106","article-title":"Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for treatment of biliary dyskinesia is safe and effective in the pediatric population","volume":"74","author":"Hofeldt M","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2008.02.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199801000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","volume-title":"Facts and Figures: Statistics on Hospital\u2010Based Care in the United States, 2009","author":"Project. 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