{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T01:32:44Z","timestamp":1772847164741,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,24]],"date-time":"2012-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Clostridium difficile<\/jats:italic> can cause severe antibiotic\u2010associated colitis. Conventional treatments with metronidazole and vancomycin improve symptoms, but after discontinuation of treatment, <jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic> infection (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CDI<\/jats:styled-content>) recurs in a number of patients. Rifaximin is a rifamycin\u2010based non\u2010systemic antibiotic that has effect against <jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the effectiveness of rifaximin in recurrent <jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively evaluated the records of 32 patients who were treated with rifaximin for recurrent <jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic> infection. The symptoms were evaluated 12\u00a0weeks after the start of treatment and patient records were followed up until 1\u00a0year after treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean age of the patients was 55\u00a0years (median 64, range: 19\u201384\u00a0years). Before the initiation of rifaximin therapy, the patients had undergone, on the average, 4.4 (range: 2\u201312) antimicrobial courses for <jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic> infection. <jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic> strain typing was performed in 27 patients. Eight (30%) patients had a strain with a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> profile compatible with the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BI<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAP<\/jats:styled-content>1\/027 ribotype. Antibiotic susceptibilities were determined of isolates from 22 patients. Most isolates (68%) had very low <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010values for rifampin (&lt;0.002\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL) and the highest <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content> value was 3.0\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL. Isolates with a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> profile compatible with the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BI<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAP<\/jats:styled-content>1\/027 ribotype had, on the average, higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content>s of rifampin. After 12\u00a0weeks 17 (53%) patients had no relapse. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content> value of rifampin seemed to predict the response to rifaximin treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rifaximin is a safe treatment for <jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic> infection. It has a reasonable effect in <jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic> infection and it can be considered as an optional treatment for recurrent <jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,25]],"date-time":"2012-10-25T02:45:09Z","timestamp":1351133109000},"page":"122-128","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Rifaximin in the treatment of recurrent <i>Clostridium difficile<\/i> infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Mattila","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Helsinki University Central Hospital Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Arkkila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Helsinki University Central Hospital Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. 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