{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T12:05:06Z","timestamp":1789819506585,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,3]],"date-time":"2012-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1354492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Endoscopic balloon dilation is an efficacious and safe alternative to surgery as treatment of short intestinal strictures in Crohn's disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>). Factors predicting outcome of the procedure are not well described.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate whether smoking at diagnosis, treatment with azathioprine, or other clinical variables may affect clinical outcome after endoscopic dilation. The endpoint was requirement of a new intervention such as dilation or surgery with intestinal resection or strictureplasty.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective study of 83 patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content> who underwent endoscopic balloon dilation of an intestinal stricture between 1987 and 2009.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After index dilation 55\/83 patients underwent a new intervention. Among current smokers, 31\/32 (97%) underwent another intervention compared to 18\/33 (55%) among never smokers (adjusted <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>: 2.50, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.14\u20135.50, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.022). After 5\u00a0years, cumulative probability of new intervention was 0.81 in smokers compared to 0.52 in never smokers; difference 0.29 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.07\u20130.52, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.01). In 16 patients, therapy with azathioprine was initiated before or shortly after the index dilation; 7\/16 underwent a new intervention compared to 48\/67 of those without azathioprine (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.46, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.21\u20131.03, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.06). After adjustment for other variables, the association was even weaker (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.80, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.29\u20132.18, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.668). Sex, age at diagnosis, age at first dilation, balloon size, location of stricture, and treatment period did not influence outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Smoking doubles the risk of recurrent stricture formation requiring a new intervention after index dilation. Maintenance therapy with azathioprine did not influence the subsequent course and need for a new intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,4]],"date-time":"2012-12-04T16:47:49Z","timestamp":1354639669000},"page":"430-437","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Smoking is a risk factor for recurrence of intestinal stricture after endoscopic dilation in <scp>C<\/scp>rohn's disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Gustavsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology \u00d6rebro University Hospital \u00d6rebro Sweden"},{"name":"School of Health and Medical Sciences \u00d6rebro University \u00d6rebro Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Karlstad Hospital Karlstad Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Magnuson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit \u00d6rebro University Hospital \u00d6rebro Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Blomberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology \u00d6rebro University Hospital \u00d6rebro Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery \u00d6rebro University Hospital \u00d6rebro Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Halfvarson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology \u00d6rebro University Hospital \u00d6rebro Sweden"},{"name":"School of Health and Medical Sciences \u00d6rebro University \u00d6rebro Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Tysk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology \u00d6rebro University Hospital \u00d6rebro Sweden"},{"name":"School of Health and Medical Sciences \u00d6rebro University \u00d6rebro Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21825"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v11.i26.3971"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2012.05002.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)90613-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/DCR.0b013e3181a4fa58"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02055108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02237350"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-008-0542-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-010-1010-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2012.05146.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2009.180182"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.36.4.577"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2010.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03532.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2009.04225.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-008-0461-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i46.6134"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2003.01715.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2003.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200305000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528909091339"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2005\/269076"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04710.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/81.11.1462"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.33.6.779"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04679.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.29.3.352"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.09.006"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","first-page":"A1067","article-title":"Treatment with azathioprine and budesonide prevents recurrence of ileocolonic stenosis after endoscopic dilation in Crohn's disease","volume":"112","author":"Raedler A","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3700669"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.115469"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-36677"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Treatment of small bowel subocclusive Crohn's disease with infliximab: an open pilot study","volume":"70","author":"Louis E","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Gastroenterol Belg"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2008.03887.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000101563"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20318"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-924999"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2005.02424.x"}],"container-title":["Alimentary Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fapt.12176","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apt.12176","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]],"date-time":"2023-11-22T16:45:41Z","timestamp":1700671541000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/apt.12176"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,3]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/apt.12176"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.12176","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-2813","1365-2036"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-2813","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2036","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,3]]}}}