{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:39:50Z","timestamp":1772159990826,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,13]],"date-time":"2013-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1363132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Acute alcoholic hepatitis (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AH<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) is a severe manifestation of alcoholic liver disease with a grave prognosis. Pentoxifylline, an oral antitumour necrosis factor agent, has been reported to reduce mortality and incidence of hepatorenal syndrome (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) in severe alcoholic hepatitis (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAH<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To summarise evidence for the use of pentoxifylline in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAH<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A literature search was undertaken using Me\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SH<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      terms \u2018hepatitis, alcoholic\u2019 and \u2018pentoxifylline\u2019 using the set operator\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AND<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . We included randomised controlled trials examining pentoxifylline in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAH<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , published as abstracts or full manuscripts. Risk ratios (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s) were calculated for pooled data using random effects modelling. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane group criteria and quality of trials assessed using \u2018Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials\u2019\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CONSORT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      guidelines.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ten trials including 884 participants were included, from six papers and four abstracts. There was significant heterogeneity between trials regarding control groups and trial end\u2010points. Treatment was given for 28\u00a0days in all trials except one. Pooling of data showed a reduced incidence of fatal\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      with pentoxifylline compared with placebo (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      : 0.47, 0.26\u20130.86,\n                      <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u00a00.01), but no survival benefit at 1\u00a0month (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      : 0.58, 0.31\u20131.07,\n                      <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u00a00.06). There were no significant differences between treatment groups in trials of pentoxifylline vs. corticosteroid, or vs. combination therapy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pentoxifylline appears superior to placebo in prevention of fatal\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and thus may be effective treatment of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAH<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      when corticosteroids are contraindicated. However, multiple trials have failed to show conclusive superiority of either pentoxifylline or corticosteroids.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,14]],"date-time":"2013-03-14T14:55:22Z","timestamp":1363272922000},"page":"845-854","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Systematic review: pentoxifylline for the treatment of severe alcoholic hepatitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Parker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Centre for Liver Research and Biomedical Research Unit University of Birmingham Birmingham UK"},{"name":"Liver and HPB Unit University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. J.","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Centre for Liver Research and Biomedical Research Unit University of Birmingham Birmingham UK"},{"name":"Liver and HPB Unit University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Corbett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Centre for Liver Research and Biomedical Research Unit University of Birmingham Birmingham UK"},{"name":"Liver and HPB Unit University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I. 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