{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T10:42:20Z","timestamp":1761561740727},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,7]],"date-time":"2013-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1365292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Combined with 24\u2010h <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content> monitoring, the use of impedance is the most sensitive method available for detecting oesophageal reflux. Normal values for impedance have been previously established in healthy controls studied on and off proton pump inhibitors (PPI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the effects of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content>s on the total number of reflux episodes in the distal oesophagus measured by impedance in patients with and without gastro\u2010oesophageal reflux disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GERD<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this prospective randomised double\u2010blinded placebo controlled crossover study, all patients underwent two 24\u2010h <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content> with impedance studies at least 2\u00a0weeks apart. Based on a randomisation scheme, patients received either 40\u00a0mg of esomeprazole twice daily for 1\u00a0week or identical capsule placebo for 1\u00a0week, then all patients were crossed over to the other treatment arm. GERD was defined by the validated Johnson\u2013DeMeester score. Reflux by impedance was defined as a 50% decrease from baseline in retrograde movement of liquid between two impedance sites.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty\u2010three patients were enrolled and 41 patients completed the study [mean age 52\u00a0\u00b1\u00a012\u00a0years, 42% (17\/41) men, 56% (23\/41) Caucasian and 34% (14\/41) African American]. Overall, there was no significant decrease in the total number of distal impedance episodes with esomeprazole compared with placebo (mean change 6.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a022, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.100). When analysed separately by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GERD<\/jats:styled-content> status, among <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GERD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive patients, there was a significant decrease in distal impedance episodes while on esomeprazole compared with placebo (mean change \u221216\u00a0\u00b1\u00a022, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.023), but not in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GERD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010negative patients (mean change \u22120.35\u00a0\u00b1\u00a020, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.872).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Esomeprazole decreases significantly the number of reflux episodes detected by impedance, but only in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GERD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,8]],"date-time":"2013-04-08T02:52:38Z","timestamp":1365389558000},"page":"1011-1018","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Reflux episodes detected by impedance in patients on and off esomeprazole: a randomised double\u2010blinded placebo\u2010controlled crossover study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"F. J.","family":"Moawad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Gastroenterology Service Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Bethesda MD USA"},{"name":"Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. D.","family":"Betteridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Gastroenterology Service Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Bethesda MD USA"},{"name":"Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. A.","family":"Boger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Gastroenterology Service Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.\u2010K. F.","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Gastroenterology Service Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Bethesda MD USA"},{"name":"Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. S.","family":"Belle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Gastroenterology Service Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.\u2010J.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Gastroenterology Service Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. 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