{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T00:10:02Z","timestamp":1700698202398},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,26]],"date-time":"2013-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1369526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin D may affect the severity of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related liver disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the association between serum vitamin D levels and advanced liver disease in a multiethnic US cohort of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> patients, and account for dietary and supplemental intake.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We measured serum 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin D levels and used Fibro<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SURE<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010ActiTest to assess hepatic pathology in a cohort of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected male veterans. We estimated and adjusted for daily intake of vitamin D from diet using a Dietary History Questionnaire, and dispensed prescriptions prior to study enrolment. We used race\u2010stratified logistic regression analyses to evaluate the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and risk of advanced fibrosis (F3\/F4\u2013F4) and advanced inflammation (A2\/A3\u2013A3).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 163 African American (AA) and 126 White non\u2010Hispanics were studied. Overall, ~44% of AAs and 15% of Whites were vitamin D deficient (&lt;12\u00a0ng\/mL) or insufficient (12\u201319\u00a0ng\/mL); 4% of AAs and 9% of White patients had an elevated level (&gt;50\u00a0ng\/mL). Among AAs, patients with elevated serum vitamin D levels had significantly higher odds of advanced fibrosis (OR\u00a0=\u00a012.91, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.03) than those with normal levels. In contrast, AAs with insufficient or deficient levels had &gt; two\u2010fold excess risk of advanced inflammation (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.06). Among White males there was no association between vitamin D levels and advanced fibrosis (F3\/F4\u2013F4) or inflammation (A2\/A3\u2013A3) risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We observed potential differences in the association between vitamin D levels and degree of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related hepatic fibrosis between White and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">African American<\/jats:styled-content> males. Additional research is necessary to confirm that high serum vitamin D levels may be associated with advanced fibrosis risk in African American males, and to evaluate whether racial differences exist in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected females.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,27]],"date-time":"2013-05-27T04:08:55Z","timestamp":1369627735000},"page":"28-37","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The association between serological and dietary vitamin D levels and hepatitis C\u2010related liver disease risk differs in African American and white males"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"D. L.","family":"White","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Program Houston VA Health Services Research and Development Center of Excellence Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center Houston TX USA"},{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center Houston TX USA"},{"name":"Section of Health Services Research Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Tavakoli\u2010Tabasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatitis C Clinic Section of Infectious Diseases Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center Houston TX USA"},{"name":"Section of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Kanwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Program Houston VA Health Services Research and Development Center of Excellence Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center Houston TX USA"},{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center Houston TX USA"},{"name":"Section of Health Services Research Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. J.","family":"Ramsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Program Houston VA Health Services Research and Development Center of Excellence Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center Houston TX USA"},{"name":"Section of Health Services Research Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Hashmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Kuzniarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Program Houston VA Health Services Research and Development Center of Excellence Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center Houston TX USA"},{"name":"Section of Health Services Research Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Program Houston VA Health Services Research and Development Center of Excellence Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center Houston TX USA"},{"name":"Section of Health Services Research Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Francis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H. B.","family":"El\u2010Serag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Program Houston VA Health Services Research and Development Center of Excellence Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center Houston TX USA"},{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center Houston TX USA"},{"name":"Section of Health Services Research Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2012.05000.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25763"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23489"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25848"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.08.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24201"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.11.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(11)61188-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i8.800"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2010.01141.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"857","article-title":"High dose vitamin D supplementation in genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C patients with advanced fibrosis\/compensated cirrhosis non responders to previous standard therapy: Results of the HEP\u2010D3 Study","volume":"54","author":"Almerighi C","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2011.02674.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027144"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.039974"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0360"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2007.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws141"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2004.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","volume-title":"Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D","author":"Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/154.12.1089"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00411.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2006.070961"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","first-page":"588","article-title":"Fibrotest\u2010Actitest: the biochemical marker of liver fibrosis\u2013the Israeli experience","volume":"9","author":"Morali G","year":"2007","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030325"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1123933"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.07020711"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.107920.110"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040159"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25930"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1423-0127-17-58"}],"container-title":["Alimentary Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fapt.12341","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apt.12341","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]],"date-time":"2023-11-22T08:21:19Z","timestamp":1700641279000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/apt.12341"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,26]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/apt.12341"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.12341","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-2813","1365-2036"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-2813","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2036","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,26]]}}}